Synbiotics Alleviate Hepatic Damage, Intestinal Injury and Muscular Beclin-1 Elevation in Rats after Chronic Ethanol Administration

Chen, Yi Hsiu; Chiu, Wan‐Chun; Xiao, Qian; Chen, Ya Ling; Shirakawa, Hitoshi; Yang, Suh‐Ching

doi:10.3390/ijms222212547

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Similar to the findings of our previous studies, the final BW was significantly decreased in the rats fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet, which was reflected in the food efficiency (Table 2) [20,22]. Ethanol provides calories without macronutrients and micronutrients and interferes with the gastrointestinal system, causing malabsorption and dysbiosis [23].…”

Section: Bw and Relative Liver Weightsupporting

confidence: 80%

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study investigated the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on muscle loss in rats with chronic ethanol feeding. Six-week-old male Wistar rats were fed either a control liquid diet without EGF (C group, n = 12) or EGF (EGF-C group, n = 18) for two weeks. From the 3rd to 8th week, the C group was divided into two groups. One was continually fed with a control liquid diet (C group), and the other one was fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet (E group); moreover, the EGF-C group was divided into three groups, such as the AEGF-C (continually fed with the same diet), PEGF-E (fed with the ethanol-containing liquid diet without EGF), and AEGF-E (fed with the ethanol-containing liquid diet with EGF). As a result, the E group had significantly higher plasma ALT and AST, endotoxin, ammonia, and interleukin 1b (IL-1b) levels, along with liver injuries, such as hepatic fatty changes and inflammatory cell infiltration. However, plasma endotoxin and IL-1b levels were significantly decreased in the PEGF-E and AEGF-E groups. In addition, the protein level of muscular myostatin and the mRNA levels of forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MURF-1) and atorgin-1 was increased considerably in the E group but inhibited in the PEGF-E and AEGF-E groups. According to the principal coordinate analysis findings, the gut microbiota composition differed between the control and ethanol liquid diet groups. In conclusion, although there was no noticeable improvement in muscle loss, EGF supplementation inhibited muscular protein degradation in rats fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for six weeks. The mechanisms might be related to endotoxin translocation inhibition, microbiota composition alteration as well as the amelioration of liver injury. However, the reproducibility of the results must be confirmed in future studies.

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Section: Bw and Relative Liver Weightsupporting

confidence: 80%

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…The UPS and ALS are the main pathways of protein degradation [ 40 ]. Autophagy markers were significantly enriched in alcohol-fed rats [ 41 ]. The mRNA levels of murf1 and mafbx were also significantly increased in alcohol abuse patients [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Induces Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Atrophy through HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling

Wei

Sun

Chen

et al. 2022

Life

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Excessive alcohol consumption can cause alcoholic myopathy, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to 0.5% alcohol for eight weeks to investigate the effect of alcohol on skeletal muscle and its molecular mechanism. The results showed that the body length, body weight, cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle fibers, Ucrit, and MO2max of the zebrafish were significantly decreased after alcohol exposure. The expression of markers of skeletal muscle atrophy and autophagy was increased, and the expression of P62 was significantly reduced. The content of ROS, the mRNA expression of sod1 and sod2, and the protein expression of Nox2 were significantly increased. In addition, we found that the inflammatory factors Il1β and Tnfα were significantly enriched in skeletal muscle, and the expression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling axis was also significantly increased. In summary, in this study, we established a zebrafish model of alcohol-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and further elucidated its pathogenesis.

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“…Supplementation with synbiotics led to improved hepatic inflammation and steatosis (131). The most recent data concern the protective role of synbiotic supplementation in an alcohol-fed rat model, in which synbiotics may reduce muscle protein degradation markers such as beclin-1, which is speculated to be linked to the restoration of intestinal tight junctions and a decrease in liver injury (133). These results should be studied in human trials before further use.…”

Section: Synbioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota-modulating agents in alcoholic liver disease: Links between host metabolism and gut microbiota

et al. 2022

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) involves a wide spectrum of diseases, including asymptomatic hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which leads to morbidity and mortality and is responsible for 0.9% of global deaths. Alcohol consumption induces bacterial translocation and alteration of the gut microbiota composition. These changes in gut microbiota aggravate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Alteration of the gut microbiota leads to a weakened gut barrier and changes host immunity and metabolic function, especially related to bile acid metabolism. Modulation and treatment for the gut microbiota in ALD has been studied using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation with meaningful results. In this review, we focused on the interaction between alcohol and gut dysbiosis in ALD. Additionally, treatment approaches for gut dysbiosis, such as abstinence, diet, pro-, pre-, and synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation, are covered here under ALD. However, further research through human clinical trials is warranted to evaluate the appropriate gut microbiota-modulating agents for each condition related to ALD.

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Synbiotics Alleviate Hepatic Damage, Intestinal Injury and Muscular Beclin-1 Elevation in Rats after Chronic Ethanol Administration

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Potential Benefits of Epidermal Growth Factor for Inhibiting Muscle Degrative Markers in Rats with Alcoholic Liver Damage

Alcohol Induces Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Atrophy through HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling

Gut microbiota-modulating agents in alcoholic liver disease: Links between host metabolism and gut microbiota

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