Symptoms and Circuits, Part 2: Anxiety Disorders

Stahl, Stephen M.

doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n1201

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Sevoflurane-treated rats also exhibited anxiety disorder in the fear conditioning test. These results conflict with those of previous studies showover, excessive stimulation of the neural network that mediates fear causes anxiety disorder (3,25,26). CACNA2D2 is associated with reducing anxiety disorder through its binding to antianxiety drugs such as pregabalin and gabapentin (27).…”

Section: Effects Of Neonatal Exposure To Sevoflurane On the Differentcontrasting

confidence: 93%

Influence of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on nerve development-related microRNAs and behavior of rats

et al. 2015

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Commonly used anesthetics adversely affect the developing brain, but the mechanisms remain unknown. We previously showed that the expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in major organs are affected by anesthetics. Therefore, we used TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) to analyze gene expression in the hippocampus of neonatal rats exposed to sevoflurane and performed behavioral tests after they reached adulthood to evaluate cognitive and memory function. Rat male pups at postnatal day 7 were exposed to 1.9% sevoflurane for 3 h, and the hippocampus-miRNA expression profile on postnatal day 8 was determined. Open field and fear conditioning tests conducted during postnatal weeks 7 and 8 indicated that sevoflurane-exposed rats, but not controls, exhibited anxiety-like disorders. TLDA analysis identified 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, which were not shared between postnatally and maturely sevoflurane-exposed rats. The level of rno-miR-632, which targets brain-derived neurotrophic factor and calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 2, increased by 10-fold, indicating that exposure to sevoflurane during early neural development alters hippocampus-miRNA expression and may induce subsequent behavioral disorders.

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Section: Effects Of Neonatal Exposure To Sevoflurane On the Differentcontrasting

confidence: 93%

Influence of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on nerve development-related microRNAs and behavior of rats

et al. 2015

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“…The amygdala is determinant in the experience of fear and its autonomic and endocrine response (through the output to the hypothalamus), while the amygdala output to periaqueductal gray is mainly implicated in avoidance behavior, also typical of fear responses (Stahl, 2003). Furthermore, the hippocampus is important in the re-experiencing of fear.…”

Section: Neurobiological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the hippocampus is important in the re-experiencing of fear. Activation of fear circuits is a major hypothesis for explaining symptoms in anxiety disorders and the reduction of an excessive output from these neurons may theoretically improve the clinical picture (Stahl, 2003) (Rogawski and Löscher, 2004). Such a mechanism has a number of similarities with the excessive outburst typical of epileptic neurons, explaining the effects of antiepileptic agents (such as benzodiazepines; BDZs and antiepileptic drugs) in the treatment of anxiety (Mula et al, 2007).…”

Section: Neurobiological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a mechanism has a number of similarities with the excessive outburst typical of epileptic neurons, explaining the effects of antiepileptic agents (such as benzodiazepines; BDZs and antiepileptic drugs) in the treatment of anxiety (Mula et al, 2007). In fact, the potentiation of GABA-ergic inhibition and the modulation of calcium channels represent valuable antianxiety mechanisms (Stahl, 2003) (Mula et al, 2007).…”

Section: Neurobiological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiety disorders in people with epilepsy

Brandt¹,

Mula

2016

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Anxiety disorders are frequent, though probably underdiagnosed comorbidities in epilepsy.Epilepsy and anxiety may share common neurobiological correlates as shown in animal models and suggested by studies demonstrating anxiety disorders before the manifestation of epilepsy. Comorbid anxiety disorders have a major impact on the affected patients' qualityof-life and may increase the risk for suicidality. Successful treatment of the epilepsy may alleviate anxiety symptoms. Treatment of anxiety is based on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines (although only further choice) and psychotherapy. Specific AEDs (especially pregabalin) have been shown to have anxiolytic properties. This paper is aimed at reviewing anxiety disorders in patients with epilepsy discussing current scientific evidence about pathophysiology, clinical aspects and treatment strategies.

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“…Symptoms of anxiety disorders image the activation of the fear circuit involving structures of the hippocampus which is related with re-experiencing fear [42,43]. Both in anxiety and epilepsy neurons discharging excitatory currents are associated with similar mechanisms [44].…”

Section: Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Comorbidities and Quality of Life in Epilepsy

Kutlu¹,

Mülayim²

2016

Epileptology - The Modern State of Science

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Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by a spontaneous tendency to recurrent seizures which affects patients' cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and social functioning. Epileptic patients face various problems that result in a lower quality of life. Seizure frequency, drug side effects, psychological comorbidity, and stigma are the major factors affecting the quality of lives of patients with epilepsy. Depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairment are some of the comorbid psychiatric problems accompanying the clinical picture in epilepsy. Also the role of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in psychopathology of epilepsy should not be underestimated. One of the most important reasons why health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become important for epileptic patients is related with well-known characteristics of this disorder. Its chronic nature, presence of unexpected, intractable and frequent seizures, and stigma are some of these characteristics among others. With the review of the current literature, it can be concluded that there is still a need for further scientific research to find out more clear relation between epilepsy, comorbidities, and HRQOL.

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Symptoms and Circuits, Part 2: Anxiety Disorders

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

<b>Influence of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on nerve development-related microRNAs and behavior of </b><b>rats </b>

<b>Influence of neonatal sevoflurane exposure on nerve development-related microRNAs and behavior of </b><b>rats </b>

Anxiety disorders in people with epilepsy

Psychiatric Comorbidities and Quality of Life in Epilepsy

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