Symptom-specific attentional bias to threatening stimuli in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Victoria, Mara Sizino da; Nascimento, Antonio Leandro; Fontenelle, Leonardo F.

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.12.005

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…EST RT results in OCD patients have been very inconsistent. For example, some of the studies reported that OCD patients have been associated with enhanced negative interference (Rao et al, 2010), or general slowness (slower color-naming time to all the three types of words, Gao et al, 2012;da Victoria et al, 2012;Fan et al, 2014), while others found neither (Moritz et al, 2004;. The previous EST studies with OCD patients have usually treated the patients as a monolithic group, and while the present work showed dissociation in the EST profiles of autogenous versus reactive OCD patients.…”

Section: Emotional Stroop Task 411 Attentional Biasmentioning

confidence: 42%

Components of inhibition in autogenous- and reactive-type obsessive-compulsive disorder: Dissociation of interference control

Fan

Liu

Lei

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions). Findings related to the two components of inhibition, namely interference control and behavioral inhibition, among OCD patients have been inconsistent. It might be that this inconsistency is due to the heterogeneity among OCD cases representing multiple subtypes of OCD, such as autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions types (AOs vs. ROs). AOs and ROs are distinguished by the category of their most disturbing obsessions. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine whether inhibition functions differ between AO and RO patients. We assessed interference control and behavioral inhibition with the emotional Stroop task (EST) and stop-signal task (SST), respectively, in 42 AOs, 55 ROs and 62 healthy controls (HCs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a random subset of these subjects (25 AOs, 25 ROs, and 31HCs). Results showed that in the EST, AOs exhibited longer reaction times (RTs) for color-naming positive-, negative-, and neutral-valence word stimulus than both ROs and HCs, and demonstrated larger P2 and less negative N450 amplitudes than HCs and larger P3 amplitudes than ROs and HCs. In the SST, both AOs and ROs showed lengthened stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and reduced Stop-P3 amplitudes in successful inhibition (SI) trials compared to the HC group. These present findings suggest that behavioral inhibition impairment may reflect a common pathology in both the autogenous- and reactive-type OCD patients, whereas interference inhibition impairment appears to be specific to patients with autogenous obsessions. These findings strengthened the insight into the clinical heterogeneity and pathophysiology of OCD.

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Section: Emotional Stroop Task 411 Attentional Biasmentioning

confidence: 42%

Components of inhibition in autogenous- and reactive-type obsessive-compulsive disorder: Dissociation of interference control

Fan

Liu

Lei

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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“…It remains possible that a bias may only be present in patients with specific symptoms and not others. 128 Patients with BDD may show a variety of disorderrelevant perceptual biases, 129 including a tendency to poorly recognize fearful expressions on the Facial Expression of Emotion: Stimuli and Test, 130,131 which implicates an influence of attentional bias on neurocognitive processing in this disorder as well. 47 Brain imaging studies in OCD suggest exaggerated symptomspecific frontal and subcortical activations to disorderrelevant stimuli in OCD patients, 132,133 which may reflect a sustained effort to suppress strong responses to OCD triggers.…”

Section: Attentional Bias/disengagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in human neurocognition: clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity

et al. 2014

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Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable cognitive functions, mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct components of cortico-subcortical circuitry. The constructs were historically viewed as diametrically opposed, with impulsivity being associated with risk-seeking and compulsivity with harm-avoidance. However, they are increasingly recognized to be linked by shared neuropsychological mechanisms involving dysfunctional inhibition of thoughts and behaviors. In this paper, we selectively review new developments in the investigation of the neurocognition of impulsivity and compulsivity in humans, in order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of impulsive, compulsive and addictive disorders and indicate new directions for research.

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“…Using the emotional Stroop, several studies found increased interference in OCD patients [ 14 – 17 ], however many more have failed to replicate this [ 18 – 25 ]. Use of the dot-probe, spatial cuing and similar tasks has been similarly equivocal with both positive [ 12 , 26 ] and negative [ 27 – 29 ] findings (see Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Attentional Bias in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with and without Depression in Visual Search

et al. 2013

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Whether Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is associated with an increased attentional bias to emotive stimuli remains controversial. Additionally, it is unclear whether comorbid depression modulates abnormal emotional processing in OCD. This study examined attentional bias to OC-relevant scenes using a visual search task. Controls, non-depressed and depressed OCD patients searched for their personally selected positive images amongst their negative distractors, and vice versa. Whilst the OCD groups were slower than healthy individuals in rating the images, there were no group differences in the magnitude of negative bias to concern-related scenes. A second experiment employing a common set of images replicated the results on an additional sample of OCD patients. Although there was a larger bias to negative OC-related images without pre-exposure overall, no group differences in attentional bias were observed. However, OCD patients subsequently rated the images more slowly and more negatively, again suggesting post-attentional processing abnormalities. The results argue against a robust attentional bias in OCD patients, regardless of their depression status and speak to generalized difficulties disengaging from negative valence stimuli. Rather, post-attentional processing abnormalities may account for differences in emotional processing in OCD.

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Symptom-specific attentional bias to threatening stimuli in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Components of inhibition in autogenous- and reactive-type obsessive-compulsive disorder: Dissociation of interference control

Components of inhibition in autogenous- and reactive-type obsessive-compulsive disorder: Dissociation of interference control

New developments in human neurocognition: clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity

Investigation of Attentional Bias in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with and without Depression in Visual Search

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