Sympatric Host-Race Formation and Speciation in Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae): A Tale of Two Species for Charles D.

Feder, Jeffrey L.; Berlocher, Stewart H.; Opp, Susan B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0902-5_16

Cited by 96 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Ecological factors, including those associated with host or habitat shifts, have been implicated in sympatric speciation (Bush, 1969;Tauber & Tauber, 1977Rausher, 1984;Rosenzweig, 1987;Craig et al, 1993;Feder et al, 1998;Itami et al, 1998;Rundle et al, 2000;Emilianov et al, 2001), although host shifts also occur without reproductive isolation (Thompson, 1994;Radtkey & Singer, 1995). Furthermore, while local genetic differentiation has been found in insects, sometimes at very fine geographical scales (McCauley & Eanes, 1987;Alstad & Corbin, 1989;Rank, 1992), it is not always clear whether this variation is adaptive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies

Nice

Fordyce

Shapiro

et al. 2002

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. The evolution of reproductive isolation between recently diverged or incipient species is a critical component of speciation and a major focus of speciation models. In phytophagous insects, host plant fidelity (the habit of mating and ovipositing on a single host species) can contribute to assortative mating and reproductive isolation between populations adapting to alternative hosts. The potential role of host plant fidelity in the evolution of reproductive isolation was examined in a pair of North American blue butterfly species, Lycaeides idas and L. melissa.2. These species are morphologically distinct and populations of each species utilise different host plants; however they share 410 bp haplotypes of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, indicating recent divergence.3. Some populations using native hosts exhibited strong fidelity for their natal host plant over the hosts used by nearby populations. Because these butterflies mate on or near the host plant, the development of strong host fidelity may create reproductive isolation among populations on different hosts and restrict gene flow.4. Tests of population differentiation using allozyme allele frequency data did not provide convincing evidence of restricted gene flow among populations. Based on morphological differences, observed ecological specialisation, and the sharing of genetic markers, these butterflies appear to be undergoing adaptive radiation driven at least partially by host shifts. Neutral genetic markers may fail to detect the effects of very recent host shifts in these populations due to gene flow and/or the recency of divergence and shared ancestral polymorphism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies

Nice

Fordyce

Shapiro

et al. 2002

Ecological Entomology

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“…Because Rhagoletis flies mate exclusively on or near the unabscised fruit of its host plants (8,9), differences in host preference translate directly into mate choice and premating reproductive isolation (10). Rhagoletis is a vagile insect; most flies visit multiple trees in their lifetimes searching for food, mates, and fruit oviposition sites (10,11). The potential therefore exists for substantial mixing between sympatric fly populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential therefore exists for substantial mixing between sympatric fly populations. Despite this potential, fly migration has been estimated to be 4-6% per generation per year (Rhagoletis is univoltine) between apple and hawthorn trees based on a mark-recapture experiment conducted at a field site with interspersed host trees (10,11). Studies on related sibling species in the R. pomonella group have implied that ''host fidelity'' can potentially cause complete premating isolation between fly taxa (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host race formation in Rhagoletis

Linn

Feder

Nojima

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rhagoletis pomonella is a model for incipient sympatric speciation (divergence without geographic isolation) by host-plant shifts. Here, we show that historically derived apple-and ancestral hawthorn-infesting host races of the fly use fruit odor as a key olfactory cue to help distinguish between their respective plants. In flight-tunnel assays and field tests, apple and hawthorn flies preferentially oriented to, and were captured with, chemical blends of their natal fruit volatiles. Because R. pomonella rendezvous on or near the unabscised fruit of their hosts to mate, the behavioral preference for apple vs. hawthorn fruit odor translates directly into premating reproductive isolation between the fly races. We have therefore identified a key and recently evolved (<150 years) mechanism responsible for host choice in R. pomonella bearing directly on sympatric host race formation and speciation.

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“…Hence, host fidelity produces assortative mating that translates directly into premating reproductive isolation, a good example of how the ecology of an organism influences population divergence. Differences in host acceptance (preference) behavior (Prokopy et al, 1988;Luna & Prokopy, 1995;Feder et al, 1994Feder et al, , 1998 and the timing of adult eclosion (Smith, 1988;Feder et al, 1994Feder et al, , 1998) both contribute to host fidelity.…”

Section: Sympatric Speciation Via Host Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's about time: the evidence for host plant‐mediated selection in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, and its implications for fitness trade‐offs in phytophagous insects

Feder

Filchak

1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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123

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The apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, Walsh (Diptera: Tephritidae), provides a unique opportunity to address the issue of host-related fitness trade-offs for phytophagous insects. Rhagoletis pomonella has been controversial since the 1860's when Benjamin Walsh cited the fly's shift from hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) to apple (Malus pumila) as an example of an incipient sympatric speciation event. Allozyme and mark-release-recapture studies have subsequently confirmed the status of apple and hawthorn flies as partially reproductively isolated and genetically differentiated 'host races', the hypothesized initial stage in sympatric divergence. Here, we review the ecological and genetic evidence for host-plant mediated selection in R. pomonella. We reach the following three major conclusions: First, although developmental timing is not everything, it is a good deal of the story. Differences in the fruiting phenologies of apple and hawthorn trees exert different selection pressures on the diapause and eclosion time characteristics of the host races. In particular, the ∼3-week earlier mean fruiting phenology of apples in eastern North America appears to select for a slower rate of metabolism or deeper pupal diapause in apple than hawthorn flies. Second, host-related fitness trade-offs for R. pomonella may not be due to disruptive selection affecting any one specific life-history stage. Rather, it is the sum total of directional selection pressures acting across different life-stages that generates divergent selection on apple and hawthorn flies. For example, selection favors the alleles Me 100, Acon-2 95 and Mpi 37 (or linked genes) in the larval stage in both host races. However, these same alleles are disfavored in the pupal stage to follow, where they correlate with early adult eclosion, and by inference premature diapause termination. Because apple trees fruit an average of ∼3 weeks earlier than hawthorn trees, this counter-balancing selection is stronger on apple-fly pupae. The net result is that the balance of selective forces is different between apple and hawthorn flies, helping to maintain the genetic integrity of the host races in sympatry in the face of gene flow. Finally, natural R. pomonella populations harbor a good deal of genetic variation for development-related traits. This variation allows fly populations to rapidly respond to temporal vagaries in local environmental conditions across years, as well as to broad-scale geographic differences that exist across the range of the species. Perhaps most importantly, this variation gives R. pomonella the flexibility to explore and adapt to novel plants. Taken together, our results underscore how difficult it can be to document host plant-related fitness trade-offs for phytophagous insects due to the need to consider details of the entire life-cycle of a phytophagous insect. Our findings also show how reproductive isolation can arise as a by-product of host-associated adaptation in insects, a central theme for models of sympatric speciation via host...

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Sympatric Host-Race Formation and Speciation in Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae): A Tale of Two Species for Charles D.

Cited by 96 publications

References 90 publications

Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies

Lack of evidence for reproductive isolation among ecologically specialised lycaenid butterflies

Fruit odor discrimination and sympatric host race formation in Rhagoletis

It's about time: the evidence for host plant‐mediated selection in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, and its implications for fitness trade‐offs in phytophagous insects

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