Swollen head syndrome in Taiwan—isolation of an avian pneumovirus and serological survey

Lu, Yuying; Shien, Y. S.; Tsai, H. J.; Tseng, Chih‐Wei; Lee, S H; Lin, Dong

doi:10.1080/03079459408418985

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In young turkeys, signs such as ocular and nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing and swelling of the infraorbital sinuses may be observed (Jirjis et al, 2004;Sugiyama et al, 2006). The respiratory signs in aMPV-mono-infected chickens are normally less clear and milder than in turkeys (Lu et al, 1994;Banet-Noach et al, 2005). In chickens additional clinical signs including disorientation, torticollis and opisthotonus are seen (Cook, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Hartmann¹,

Sid²,

Rautenschlein³

2015

Avian Pathology

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Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, which can cause high economic losses in infected poultry. aMPV mainly causes infection of the upper respiratory tract in both chickens and turkeys, although turkeys seem to be more susceptible. Little is known about virus-host interactions at epithelial surfaces after aMPV infection. Tracheal organ cultures (TOC) are a suitable model to investigate virus-host interaction in the respiratory epithelium. Therefore, we investigated virus replication rates and lesion development in chicken and turkey TOC after infection with a virulent aMPV subtype A strain. Aspects of the innate immune response, such as interferon-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression, as well as virus-induced apoptosis were determined. The aMPV-replication rate was higher in turkey (TTOC) compared to chicken TOC (CTOC) (P < 0.05), providing circumstantial evidence that indeed turkeys may be more susceptible. The interferon-α response was down-regulated from 2 to 144 hours post infection in both species compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05); this was more significant for CTOC than TTOC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly up-regulated in aMPV-A-infected TTOC and CTOC compared to virus-free controls (P < 0.05). However, the results suggest that NO may play a different role in aMPV pathogenesis between turkeys and chickens as indicated by differences in apoptosis rate and lesion development between species. Overall, our study reveals differences in innate immune response regulation and therefore may explain differences in aMPV -A replication rates between infected TTOC and CTOC, which subsequently lead to more severe clinical signs and a higher rate of secondary infections in turkeys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Hartmann¹,

Sid²,

Rautenschlein³

2015

Avian Pathology

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“…Since then, SHS has been reported in France (Picault et al, 1987), United Kingdom (O'Brien, 1985), Germany (Hafez & Löhren, 1990), Japan (Nunoya et al, 1991;Uramoto et al, 1990), Israel K. (Perelman etal, 1988), Yemen (Sarakbi, 1989), Taiwan (Lu et al, 1994) and the USA (Droual & Woolcock, 1994;Goodwin & Waltman, 1994). Antibodies against turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus, a member of pneumoviridae, were present in many of the cases of SHS mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibodies against turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus, a member of pneumoviridae, were present in many of the cases of SHS mentioned above. TRT virus has been isolated from affected chicken flocks (Mase et ai, 1995;Tanaka et al, 1995;Gough et al, 1994;Lu et al, 1994;Maharaj et al, 1994;Buys et al, 1989;Picault et al, 1987). TRT virus gene was first detected in chickens with SHS by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Mase et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in Japan: Its pathology, microbiology and biochemistry

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYFour-to-seven-week-old broilers with swollen head syndrome (SHS) from 4 different districts of Japan were examined for pathological, microbiological and biochemical findings. Periocular and mandibular subcutaneous swelling, sometimes accompanied by ocular, hepatic and cardiac lesions were observed. Histologically, diffuse fibrinopurulent inflammation with focal granulomatous lesions was characteristic of subcutaneous tissue of the head, especially periocular tissue. The air spaces of the cranial bones and middle ear showed fibrinopurulent inflammation. Upper respiratory lesions (rhinitis, sinusitis and tracheitis) were always present in chickens with SHS. The characteristic lesions of chicken colibacillosis, i.e. fibrinopurulent serositis, panophthalmitis, fibrinous thrombi in sinusoids of the liver and fibrinous exudation in the ellipsoids and lymphoid follicles of the spleen, were occasionally seen. No virological agents could be isolated. Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus gene was detected in tracheas from two flocks by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and serum antibodies against TRT virus were present. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from subcutaneous lesions. Serum α 1 -acid glycoprotein, an acute phase protein, was present at high concentration in chickens with SHS. This study suggests that upper respiratory lesions induce E. coli invasion into subcutaneous connective tissue adjacent to the infraorbital sinus and nasal cavity, and SHS in this study may possibly be a local infection of E. coli in facial subcutaneous connective tissue.

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“…In chickens, swollen head syndrome (SHS) was first reported in South Africa [11], and later it was shown to be associated with aMPV infection [8,[15][16][17]. Although SHS was primarily reported in broiler chickens, it was also present in laying hens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drop of Egg Production in Chickens by Experimental Infection with an Avian Metapneumovirus Strain PLE8T1 Derived from Swollen Head Syndrome and the Application to Evaluate Vaccine

Sugiyama¹,

Koimaru²,

Sato³

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Decreases in egg production and increased incidence of abnormal eggs due to malformation of egg shells were observed in specific pathogen free (SPF) 173-day-old laying hens inoculated intravenously with an avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) strain PLE8T1. This strain was derived from an isolate from broiler birds exhibiting swollen head syndrome (SHS). Some SPF birds inoculated with the virus showed, slight diarrhea without any respiratory symptoms. Thus, the PLE8T1 strain was used as a challenge virus to evaluate efficacy of aMPV vaccines. SPF chickens which received a live attenuated aMPV vaccine (NEMOVAC; Merial) at 7 or 77 days old and an inactivated aMPV vaccine (OVO-4; Merial) at 105 days old were protected against poor egg production caused by the challenge with the PLE8T1 strain. Thus, aMPV, the PLE8T1 strain passaged 22 times after isolation, from birds exhibiting SHS, could induce a drop in egg production in laying hens accompanied by malformation of egg shells. It was suggested that this challenge system could be applied to evaluate the efficacy of aMPV vaccine. KEY WORDS: avian metapneumovirus, egg drop, laying hens, swollen head syndrome, vaccine.

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Swollen head syndrome in Taiwan—isolation of an avian pneumovirus and serological survey

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Avian metapneumovirus infection of chicken and turkey tracheal organ cultures: comparison of virus–host interactions

Swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in Japan: Its pathology, microbiology and biochemistry

Drop of Egg Production in Chickens by Experimental Infection with an Avian Metapneumovirus Strain PLE8T1 Derived from Swollen Head Syndrome and the Application to Evaluate Vaccine

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