Switchable Bandpass/Bandstop Filter Using Liquid Metal Alloy as Fluidic Switch

Park, Eiyong; Lee, Minjae; Lim, Sungjoon

doi:10.3390/s19051081

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Fluidics is very common in antenna technology, especially for feeding networks [38][39][40]. Abhishek Dey et al presented a microfluidically switched broadband tunable metallic liquid monopole antenna [38].…”

Section: Fluidic Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recent Approach towards Fluidic Microstrip Devices and Gas Sensors: A Review

et al. 2022

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This paper aims to review some of the available tunable devices with emphasis on the techniques employed, fabrications, merits, and demerits of each technique. In the era of fluidic microstrip communication devices, versatility and stability have become key features of microfluidic devices. These fluidic devices allow advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, spraying, or injecting the conductive fluid on the flexible/rigid substrate. Fluidic techniques are used either in the form of loading components, switching, or as the radiating/conducting path of a microwave component such as liquid metals. The major benefits and drawbacks of each technology are also emphasized. In this review, there is a brief discussion of the most widely used microfluidic materials, their novel fabrication/patterning methods.

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Section: Fluidic Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recent Approach towards Fluidic Microstrip Devices and Gas Sensors: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Numerous techniques are currently available in the literature to study the elastic modulus and surface tension of gallium alloys; however, the utility of pendant droplets (symmetric and asymmetric) for (a) machine-learning (ML) assisted surface tension and (b) oscillation-induced elastic modulus studies have remained unexplored. Gallium and its alloys at low melting points [1][2][3] have emerged as the most promising soft conductor for sensors, actuators, pumps, flexible electronics, and other microfluidics applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. High electrical conductivity, low toxicity, low vapor pressure, biocompatibility, and tunable surface tension (∼600 mN m −1 -100 mN m −1 ) are some of the notable properties at room temperature [11,12]of these alloys; however, the unique behavior of these alloys arise from their native 1-5 nm thick, and passivating Ga 2 O 3 layer [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning (ML)-assisted surface tension and oscillation-induced elastic modulus studies of oxide-coated liquid metal (LM) alloys

Hossain,

Kamran,

Tavakkoli

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Mater.

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Pendant drops of oxide-coated high-surface tension fluids frequently produce perturbed shapes that impede interfacial studies. Eutectic gallium indium (eGaIn) or gallium indium tin (Galinstan) are high-surface tension fluids coated with a ~5nm gallium oxide (Ga2O3) film and falls under this fluid classification, also known as liquid metals (LM). The recent emergence of LM-based applications often cannot proceed without analyzing interfacial energetics in different environments. While numerous techniques are available in the literature for interfacial studies- pendant droplet-based analyses are the simplest. However, the perturbed shape of the pendant drops due to the presence of surface oxide has been ignored frequently as a source of error. Also, exploratory investigations of surface oxide leveraging oscillatory pendant droplets have remained untapped. We address both challenges and present two contributing novelties- (a) by utilizing the machine learning technique, we predict the approximate surface tension value of perturbed pendant droplets, (ii) by leveraging the oscillation-induced bubble tensiometry method, we study the dynamic elastic modulus of the oxide-coated LM droplets. We have created our dataset from LM's pendant drop shape parameters and trained different models for comparison. We have achieved >99% accuracy with all models and added versatility to work with other fluids. The best-performing model was leveraged further to predict the approximate values of the nonaxisymmetric LM droplets. Then, we analyzed LM's elastic and viscous moduli in air, harnessing oscillation-induced pendant droplets, which provides complementary opportunities for interfacial studies alternative to expensive rheometers. We believe it will enable more fundamental studies of the oxide layer on LM, leveraging both symmetric and perturbed droplets. Our study broadens the materials science horizon, where researchers from machine learning and artificial intelligence domains can work synergistically to solve more complex problems related to surface science, interfacial studies, and other studies relevant to LM-based systems.

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“…However, the profile added as much as channels height, low adhesive stability, low reusability, tuning speed, and the fact that the number of fluids must correspond to the number of outputs are disadvantages for electronic devices such as antennas, sensors, and filters [34][35][36][37][38]. These problems are caused by the conventional combining method of microfluidic channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of rejection frequency and density of output spectrum by programming nonuniform two channels with ternary fluidic system

Park

Lim

2021

Smart Mater. Struct.

Self Cite

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The growth of multi-functional wireless systems has made selecting the operation frequency and rejecting unwanted frequencies very difficult because of the interferences in dense spectra. Compared to conventional electronic tuning devices, microfluidic channels have great potential because of the greater design freedom and fewer parasitic effects. Previously, single or uniform microfluidic channels have been used for microwave sensors, antennas, or filters. In this study, a rejection frequency control filter was constructed by programming two nonuniform channels with a ternary fluidic system. To obtain two nonuniform channels with a wide tuning range, a novel defected ground cavity structure was designed. When three different fluids are used as ‘0’, ‘1’, and ‘2’ inputs for the ternary fluidic system, it outputs nine different rejection frequencies. The density of the output spectrum can be controlled by designing either uniform or nonuniform channels in the proposed fluidic system. For instance, uniform channels produce sparse frequency channels between 1.95 and 3.55 GHz. By contrast, the nonuniform channels produce dense and successive frequency spectra ranging from 2.5 to 3.32 GHz. Thus, the tuning range of uninform channels is wider than that of nonuniform channels.

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Switchable Bandpass/Bandstop Filter Using Liquid Metal Alloy as Fluidic Switch

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

A Recent Approach towards Fluidic Microstrip Devices and Gas Sensors: A Review

A Recent Approach towards Fluidic Microstrip Devices and Gas Sensors: A Review

Machine learning (ML)-assisted surface tension and oscillation-induced elastic modulus studies of oxide-coated liquid metal (LM) alloys

Control of rejection frequency and density of output spectrum by programming nonuniform two channels with ternary fluidic system

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