Swelling, Thermal, and Shear Properties of a Waste Tire Rubber Based Magnetorheological Elastomer

Abstract

In this study, the achievement of revulcanization, thermal stability, and rheological behaviors of waste tire rubber (WTR), based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), were evaluated to convince their applicability as one of smart material possessing the field-dependent tuning capability of material characteristics such as complex modulus. The cross-linking density of the MREs was assessed through the swelling test to ratify the degree of reclaiming. The behavior of MREs to the temperature enhancement was evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis and thermomechanical analysis. Meanwhile, the alteration of shear stress depending on the magnetic fields was investigated at both steady and oscillatory states, measured using a rheometer. It has been shown that the increment of shear stress is proportional to the increment of the magnetic field. More specifically, it has been found that the WTR based MRE can achieve the maximum static stress ranging from 9 to 13 kPa (at 656 mT) with a linear viscoelastic (LVE) region above 3% strain amplitude. In addition, from the oscillatory test it has been determined that the highest MR effect of 24.71% can be achieved, which directly indicates the augmentation of both storage and loss moduli under ramped frequency and strain. Finally, it has been shown that the highest degree of reclamation based on swelling test can be achieved up to 54%, confirming the occurrence of the crosslinking during the reclamation process.

The Effect of Microparticles on the Storage Modulus and Durability Behavior of Magnetorheological Elastomer

“…Magnetorheological device MRD 70/1T was used to generate a homogeneous magnetic field perpendicular to the sample. The magnetic fluxes produced by the test range from 0 to 850 mT when a current of 0 to 5 A was applied [ 32 ]. However, flux density generated across the sample at a similar current applied was different relying upon CIP fraction.…”

Shear band formation in magnetorheological elastomer under stress relaxation

“…The particles were randomly distributed in the silicone matrix and varied in size. Random distribution indirectly helped the magnetic flux to uniformly flow over the MRE sample [37]. The absence of an extrinsic magnetic flux during the curing process resulted in a 'free' chain-liked structure of particle alignment.…”

Experimental characterization and fractional modelling of anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers under the influence of temperature and magnetic fields

“…This observation aligns with the findings from other research. 46,77 This phenomenon can be justified by acknowledging that the rheological properties of the polymeric MRE matrix are temperature dependent. As the temperature increases, the augmented thermal motion of the silicone rubber's molecular chains ultimately dominates the molecular interactions.…”

“…This result aligns with reported findings from other studies. 52,56,59,[77][78][79] This behaviour is attributed to the magnetostrictive effect. When the magnetic field's intensity increases during rheometric testing at a fixed temperature, ferromagnetic microparticles can align themselves with the external magnetic field.…”