Swelling of Nitrile Rubbers by Iso-octane-Toluene Blends

Morris, Ross E.; Wagner, Paul

doi:10.1021/ie51392a045

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These samples were immersed in acetone at room temperature for the extraction of components remaining from the vulcanization process, such as plasticizers, sulfur, accelerators, antioxidants, process improvers, and other extractable materials entrapped by the crosslinked matrix, which could be extracted by solvents during the swelling tests, affecting the results and the swelling equilibrium 3, 27, 28…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of interaction between polymeric matrices and solvents, and therefore the degree of swelling, is dependent on the several criteria: the mass ratio between monomers in a copolymer,3 the degree of crosslinking,4 solvent and polymer chemical composition, the functionality of the junction units between polymeric chains, and other intrinsic parameters related to the polymer such as molecular mass, polydispersity index, spatial orientation, glassy transition temperature, tacticity, and free volume of the polymer 5. External parameters such as temperature,6 agitation, and exposure to radiation can also have an influence on the interaction 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This reflects a polymer's particular selectivity for establishing several degrees of interaction with solvents according to the respective polymer‐solvents affinities. Rubbers have the same selective behavior toward solvents as crosslinked polymers 3, 9, 10–13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantification of styrene–butadiene rubber swelling as a function of the toluene content in gasoline: A new method to detect adulterations of fuels

Takeshita

Piantola

Souza

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The swelling of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) when exposed to organic solvents was measured and mathematically correlated to the toluene concentration in a complex mixture such as gasoline. This relation enables inferences to be made regarding the composition and quality criteria of the fuel and represents a new method to detect adulterations. Changes in the mass and volume were measured by gravimetric and hydrostatic techniques. A simplex-lattice experimental mixture design was carried out in mixtures with toluene, heptane, and type C gasoline (a blend of gasoline with ethanol) and the mass swelling was statically analyzed for 5 and 15 min of continuous immersion in the mixtures of the solvents. For the experimental design two cubic equations were obtained with a high value for R 2 -ajusted (>0.98) at 25 C 6 1 C correlating mass swelling of SBR and the content of solvents. For both immersion times, the greatest and most important effect over the mass swelling was the content of toluene, with the mass variations increasing proportionally with toluene content in the gasoline. The analysis of variance applied to the mass swelling data verified that it is possible to obtain good mathematical equations to associate the rubber swelling with the solvent composition and concentration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantification of styrene–butadiene rubber swelling as a function of the toluene content in gasoline: A new method to detect adulterations of fuels

Takeshita

Piantola

Souza

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Permeation of mixtures of organic liquids through polymeric membranes: Role of liquid–liquid interactions

Perron

Desnoyers

Lara

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The permeation of pure organic liquids and mixtures of organic liquids through commercial butyl, neoprene, and nitrile membranes was studied using dynamic material deformation (swelling) and permeation techniques. The derived parameters, the breakthrough time (t BT ), steady-state permeation rate (SSPR), and initial swelling rate (SR), show deviations from additivity for the mixtures, based on the parameters of the pure liquids on a mol fraction basis. In the majority of cases for the three membranes examined, the deviations are independent of the nature of the membranes, and the signs of the deviations for t BT are opposite to those for SSPR or SR, provided that the membranes are not degraded by one of the solvents. An approach that considers only solvent-solvent interactions based on the enthalpy of mixing was used to predict deviations for mixtures. For mixtures where the enthalpy of mixing is large and exothermic, the permeation of the mixture is less than expected, while for systems where the enthalpy of mixing is large and endothermic, the permeation is larger than expected. A simple semiempirical model predicts the sign and magnitude of the permeation of 73% of the system-permeation property combinations investigated, which show significant deviations from ideality. It is interesting to note that the wrong predictions are for systems where the predictions are positive, that is, for SSPR and SR rates with endothermic systems and for t BT with exothermic systems. The exceptions also seem to be for systems that correspond to materials having a high resistance to one of the solvents and a very low resistance to the other solvent. Examples of ternarymixture permeation data are also given and show that, even if two of the pure components do not permeate through a membrane, the membrane will offer little protection if the third component shows a high affinity for the membrane and if the enthalpies of mixing of this component with the other liquids are endothermic.

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Multiphase polymer processing: Controlled‐ingredient‐distribution mixing and its effect on some properties of styrene‐butadiene (SBR)/butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer rubber blend compounds

Lee¹

1982

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The flex‐crack‐growth resistance and oil‐swelling resistance of a styrene‐butadiene (SBR)/butadiene‐acrylonitrile co‐polymer (NBR) rubber blend are studied as a function of the distribution of ingredients in the individual rubber phases. The blends consist of 70:30 weight ratio of SBR:NBR with incorporation of 82.5 phr carbon black and other ingredients via the controlled‐ingredient‐distribution mixing procedure. The results show that flex crack growth is affected by the distribution of carbon black. Better flex crack growth resistance could be achieved by adding 10 percent of carbon black to the NBR rubber phase and 90 percent to the SBR phase. The swelling of these rubber blends in ASTM #2 oil is also affected by the location of carbon black and by the mixing history. The blends with more black initially preloaded in the SBR phase have lower swelling, as have blends with shorter cross‐mixing time or the mill. A simple equation based on the permeation/moduli of composite materials is proposed to describe the swelling of this rubber blend in terms of the swelling of the constituent rubber phases, the distribution of ingredient in the individual rubber phases, and the blend morphology. One of the key assumptions is to consider the individual black preloaded rubber as a continuum. The quantitative correlation with the observed swelling data is reasonably good.

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Swelling of Nitrile Rubbers by Iso-octane-Toluene Blends

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Quantification of styrene–butadiene rubber swelling as a function of the toluene content in gasoline: A new method to detect adulterations of fuels

Quantification of styrene–butadiene rubber swelling as a function of the toluene content in gasoline: A new method to detect adulterations of fuels

Permeation of mixtures of organic liquids through polymeric membranes: Role of liquid–liquid interactions

Multiphase polymer processing: Controlled‐ingredient‐distribution mixing and its effect on some properties of styrene‐butadiene (SBR)/butadiene‐acrylonitrile copolymer rubber blend compounds

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