Swellable PVA/PVP hydrogel microneedle patches for the extraction of interstitial skin fluid toward minimally invasive monitoring of blood glucose level

Abstract

Interstitial skin fluid (ISF) is an emerging alternative source of blood samples that has attracted great interest of researchers. It is a very promising way to use microneedle patches for...

Two-photon polymerization based reusable master template to fabricate polymer microneedles for drug delivery

“…PDMS negative molds were cast from these annealed master templates and different forms of PVA microneedles were fabricated, including the dissolving and hydrogel-forming microneedles. PVA was used as it is a biodegradable, non-toxic biomaterial that has already been cleared by the FDA for use in microneedle production [22] . Dissolving microneedles are designed with an ability to dissolve quickly after insertion, thereby, limiting the potential of infection transmission [23] .…”

Direct Capture and Early Detection of Lyme Disease Spirochete in Skin with a Microneedle Patch

“…Additionally, ISF fluid is also at depths > 200 µm so our MN show successful penetration into the area to collect LD biomarkers. Our results showed 46% swelling that can further be optimized with various other cross-linking reagent to enhance swelling [ 39 ]. After inserting into pig ear skin, the MN showed successful capture of inactivated B. burgdorferi ( Figure 9 ).…”

“…There are several areas to further improve bacterial capture of this method. Although PVA does swell, other reports have shown much greater degree swelling (up to 450%) by using cross-linking reagents [ 39 ]. A greater amount of swelling would likely capture more bacteria and result in higher recovery.…”

“…Many recent MN studies have used poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) since it is affordable, exhibits low toxicity, and is a highly biocompatible polymer [ 34 , 35 ]. Another important property of PVA for sample collection is its swelling when immersed into a liquid sample driven by capillary force [ 36 , 37 ] which can result in absorbing up to 30% of its weight in a few minutes [ 38 ] and up to 450% of its weight when crosslinked with polyvinylpyrrolidone [ 39 ]. Additionally, PVA does not inhibit PCR [ 40 , 41 ] which allows downstream detection by PCR feasible.…”

Multifunctional low temperature-cured PVA/PVP/citric acid-based hydrogel forming microarray patches: Physicochemical characteristics and hydrophilic drug interaction

“…For the latter purpose, HF-MAPs are often combined with drugcontaining reservoirs [5,13] or used alone when the drugs are loaded into the hydrogel [15]. HF-MAPs can be fabricated from a polymeric mixture [5,[15][16][17], and one of the most studied composite materials is a combination of poly(vinyl alcohol)/PVA and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/ PVP [18][19][20].…”