Sweet buttermilk intake reduces colonisation and translocation ofListeria monocytogenesin rats by inhibiting mucosal pathogen adherence

Abstract

<jats:p>The bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains several antimicrobial components with proven efficacy<jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>, but<jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>evidence is scarce. The present study was performed to determine the efficacy of the bovine MFGM<jats:italic>in vivo.</jats:italic>Rats were fed diets based on bovine skimmed milk powder (low in MFGM) or bovine sweet buttermilk powder (high in MFGM). After dietary adaptation, rats were orally infected with<jats:italic>Salmonella enteritidis</jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes.</jats:italic>Whereas sweet buttermilk powder did not protect rats against infection with<jats:italic>S. enteritidis</jats:italic>, it protected against<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes</jats:italic>, as shown by a lower colonisation and translocation of this pathogen. Protection coincided with higher listericidal capacity of gastric and caecal contents. The digestion products of phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin are bactericidal<jats:italic>in vitro.</jats:italic>To study their role, rats were fed diets containing either 0·1 % phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin, or a control diet. After dietary adaptation, rats were infected with<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes.</jats:italic>Since<jats:italic>Listeria</jats:italic>colonisation was not affected by these diets, phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin are not involved in the protective effect of sweet buttermilk. Additional<jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>experiments were performed to further explore the mechanism of the beneficial effects of sweet buttermilk. Inhibition of the adherence of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes</jats:italic>to the intestinal mucosa is the most likely explanation, since sweet buttermilk powder inhibited the binding of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes</jats:italic>in both a haemagglutination assay and a Caco-2 cell adherence assay. In conclusion, sweet buttermilk powder, which is rich in MFGM, protects against<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes</jats:italic>infection in rats, probably by preventing adherence of this pathogen to the intestinal mucosa.</jats:p>

Listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

“…Sweet buttermilk powder contains milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) which prevents adherence of pathogen to intestinal mucosa and protects against listeriosis infection (Sprong et al 2012). Bacteriocins, disinfectants, phages, proper processing and packaging practices in food processing industries can limit spread of Listeria to human population through the food chain.…”

Defatted bovine milk fat globule membrane inhibits association of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 with human HT-29 cells

“…Furthermore, a HMO pool has been shown to reduce EPEC colonisation in mice (Manthey et al, 2014). Interestingly, a bovine MFGM fraction has been shown to reduce Listeria monocytogenes colonisation in a rat model (Sprong, Hulstein, Lambers, & van der Meer, 2012) and H. pylori colonisation in a mouse model (Wang et al, 2001). Although these studies indicate the anti-infective activity of the dMFGM fraction against EHEC could also be viable in vivo, further studies are required to validate this.…”

Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Formula Modulates the Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Normalizes Intestinal Development

“…Interestingly, a study examining the incidence of acute otitis media (AOM) and antipyretic use in human infants found that MFGM supplementation in formula resulted in decreased AOM and fewer days with fever compared to infants consuming control formula24. Additional studies using rodent models (>6 weeks old) have examined the effects of MFGM supplementation on infection and inflammation in vivo and in vitro 252627. Components of MFGM display in vitro bactericidal activity against several foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteriditis , and Listeria monocytogenes 25.…”

“…Additional studies using rodent models (>6 weeks old) have examined the effects of MFGM supplementation on infection and inflammation in vivo and in vitro 252627. Components of MFGM display in vitro bactericidal activity against several foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteriditis , and Listeria monocytogenes 25. In vivo , rats supplemented with MFGM and then infected with L. monocytogenes were protected against pathogen colonization and translocation25.…”

“…Components of MFGM display in vitro bactericidal activity against several foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteriditis , and Listeria monocytogenes 25. In vivo , rats supplemented with MFGM and then infected with L. monocytogenes were protected against pathogen colonization and translocation25. During lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in mice, MFGM supplementation significantly reduced gut barrier disruption and inflammatory cytokines27.…”