Sweat lactate response between males with high and low aerobic fitness

Green, J. M.; Pritchett, Robert; Crews, Thad; McLester, John R.; Tucker, D. C.

doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0968-2

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is attributed to the lower concentration of LOx enzymes that was used (0.625 mg mL −1 , 113 U mg −1 ) in comparison to the concentration of GOx enzymes (15 mg mL −1 , 15 U mg −1 ) in the glucose sensor. Although the detection limit of the lactate sensor is not as high as that of the glucose sensor, it is sufficient to address the range of lactate concentration found in human body fluids, such as sweat …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Metabolite Biosensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated with Microfluidic Channel and Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐Capped Platinum Nanoparticles

Lau

Ren

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Technologies

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are used as highly sensitive glucose and lactate sensors by modifying the gate electrode with glucose oxidase/lactate oxidase and poly(n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-capped platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). The Pt NPs are deposited by using a two-step dip coating method without bias instead of the conventional electrodeposition method and followed by an UV-Ozone post treatment to enhance the catalytic ability of the Pt NPs. The modified OECT sensors have extremely high sensitivity, and can achieve a detection limit of glucose and lactate down to 10 −7 and 10 −6 m, respectively. A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel is successfully integrated with the OECT sensors, which provides a compact chip size of the sensors, a short detection time of around 1 min and extremely low consumption of analyte (30 µ µL). The cross talk between individual sensors in multianalyte sensing devices is also reduced by the dual microfluidic channel structure. Practical applications, such as for detecting glucose in saliva, can therefore be realized, and a prototype of a portable glucose sensor has been successfully created in this study. This portable glucose sensor has excellent potential for real-time and noninvasive glucose sensing applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Metabolite Biosensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated with Microfluidic Channel and Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐Capped Platinum Nanoparticles

Lau

Ren

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Additionally, Buono and Sjoholm [ 5 ] examined the sweat responses of trained and untrained individuals during 30 min of exercise at 70 % VO 2 max and found that training status improved the secretory activity of sweat glands. In a hot environment, Green et al [ 16 ] also found a higher sweat rate in young males with high (25 ± 4 years; 62 ± 3 ml•kg − 1 •min − 1 ) compared to low (22 ± 1 years; 42 ± 6 ml•kg − 1 •min − 1 ) VO 2 max during 60 min of exercise. The higher HASG in the middle-aged runners may be considered a compensatory mechanism.…”

Section: Whole-body Sweat Rate and Sweat Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Run Performance of Middle-Aged and Young Adult Runners in the Heat

et al. 2011

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The aging process may impair exercise tolerance in the heat. It is not clear whether this impairment is partly due to a reduction in aerobic capacity. To compare the exercise performance and thermoregulatory responses of middle-aged and young adults with similar aerobic capacities and training statuses, 7 middle-aged (54±2 years; 58±4 ml·kg - 1·min - 1) and 7 young (28±1 years; 61±5 ml·kg - 1·min - 1) male competitive endurance runners underwent 2 10-km self-paced and 2 fixed-workload (90% of race speed) runs until fatigue on a treadmill in hot (40°C) and moderate (20°C) environments on separate days. The runners' total time, average speed, rectal temperature, heat storage rate, physiological strain index, sweat rate, sweat sensitivity, number of heat-activated sweat glands and sweat rate per sweat gland were measured or calculated. Body fat, body surface area, body surface area per body mass, training volume and VO2max were similar between the 2 groups. No differences were observed in total time (59±3; 49±3; 27±2; 54±5 min in the middle-aged and 60±2; 49±3; 27±2; 51±4 min in the young group), average speed, rectal temperature, heat storage rate, physiological strain index, sweat rate (17±7; 15±3; 23±7; 13±2 g.m - 2.min - 1 in the middle-aged and 20±5; 14±4; 22±5; 15±4 g.m - 2.min - 1 in the young group) or sweat sensitivity between age groups (p>0.05) in any trial. The number of heat-activated sweat glands (88±14; 80±18; 90±16; 66±14 cm - 2 in the middle-aged and 43±10; 32±10; 37±11; 31±11 cm - 2 in the young group) was higher, and the sweat rate per sweat gland was smaller, in the middle-aged than the young group (p<0.05) in all of the trials. We conclude that running performance and body thermoregulation are similar between young and middle-aged runners with similar aerobic capacities and training statuses under hot and moderate conditions in self-paced and fixed-intensity runs. The decrease observed in the sweat rate per sweat gland in middle-aged men was compensated for by a higher number of heat-activated sweat glands.

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“…A few studies have investigated sweat lactate, amino acid, and urea albeit with equivocal results regarding the impact of heat acclimation and physical training on these metabolites. Some (Fellmann et al 1983;Lamont 1987;Pilardeau et al 1988), but not all (Green et al 2004) studies suggest that a higher fitness level is associated with lower sweat lactate concentrations. However, these results may be confounded by differences in sweating rate between groups.…”

Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition

2020

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The purpose of this paper is to review the physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition to assess the utility of sweat as a proxy for blood or as a potential biomarker of human health or nutritional/physiological status. Methods This narrative review includes the major sweat electrolytes (sodium, chloride, and potassium), other micronutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, vitamins), metabolites (e.g., glucose, lactate, ammonia, urea, bicarbonate, amino acids, ethanol), and other compounds (e.g., cytokines and cortisol). Results Ion membrane transport mechanisms for sodium and chloride are well established, but the mechanisms of secretion and/or reabsorption for most other sweat solutes are still equivocal. Correlations between sweat and blood have not been established for most constituents, with perhaps the exception of ethanol. With respect to sweat diagnostics, it is well accepted that elevated sweat sodium and chloride is a useful screening tool for cystic fibrosis. However, sweat electrolyte concentrations are not predictive of hydration status or sweating rate. Sweat metabolite concentrations are not a reliable biomarker for exercise intensity or other physiological stressors. To date, glucose, cytokine, and cortisol research is too limited to suggest that sweat is a useful surrogate for blood. Conclusion Final sweat composition is not only influenced by extracellular solute concentrations, but also mechanisms of secretion and/or reabsorption, sweat flow rate, byproducts of sweat gland metabolism, skin surface contamination, and sebum secretions, among other factors related to methodology. Future research that accounts for these confounding factors is needed to address the existing gaps in the literature.

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Sweat lactate response between males with high and low aerobic fitness

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

Highly Sensitive Metabolite Biosensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated with Microfluidic Channel and Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐Capped Platinum Nanoparticles

Highly Sensitive Metabolite Biosensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Integrated with Microfluidic Channel and Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐Capped Platinum Nanoparticles

Run Performance of Middle-Aged and Young Adult Runners in the Heat

Physiological mechanisms determining eccrine sweat composition

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