Sweat glands of the scrotum of the bull

Blazquez, N.B.; Mallard, G; Wedd, S. R.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0830673

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several factors contribute to scrotal and testicular thermorégulation including the structure of the scrotum which holds the testes away from the body (Carrick and Setchell, 1977) and the testicular vascular cone which reduces testicular temperature by both countercurrent heat exchange (Gunn and Gould, 1975;Cook et al, 1994) and radiation from the scrotal surface (Coulter, 1988). In addition, the tunica dartos muscle affects the location of the testes relative to the body (Setchell, 1978) and scrotal sweat glands provide evaporative cooling (Blazquez et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the scrotum and testes to scrotal and testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams

Kastelic¹,

Rr²,

Coulter³

1996

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel model was used to determine the role of the scrotum and testes in scrotal/testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams. Eleven yearling bulls and 12 yearling rams were used at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees C. The distal lateral aspects and entire ventral part of the scrotum were incised under caudal epidural analgesia (xylazine, 0.07 mg ml-1). Both testes were withdrawn from the scrotum, the vaginal tunic was removed and one testis was replaced in the scrotum. Surface and internal temperatures were measured with infrared thermography and needle thermocouples, respectively. Temperature gradients (difference in temperature from top to bottom; degree C) for bulls and rams, respectively, were: scrotal surface (with replaced testis) 2.1 and 3.5; scrotal surface (without testis) 2.5 and 3.6; scrotal subcutaneous (with replaced testis) 1.0 and 0.7; testicular subtunic (without scrotum) -0.7 and -0.3; deep intratesticular (with scrotum) -0.2 and -0.6; and deep intratesticular (without scrotum) -0.5 and -0.5. Results supported the hypotheses that the scrotum has a positive temperature gradient (warmer at the top than the bottom) and that the testis has a negative temperature gradient (warmer at the bottom than the top). These opposing gradients apparently complement one another, resulting in a relatively uniform intratesticular temperature, below body core temperature, that is essential for normal sperm production. The scrotum substantially increased intratesticular temperature, but scrotal surface temperature was not significantly affected by the presence of a testis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the scrotum and testes to scrotal and testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams

Kastelic¹,

Rr²,

Coulter³

1996

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Close attachment of these fibers with the vascular wall is another factor regulating the thermoregulation in the scrotum [11]. Beside dartos and cremaster muscles, pampiniform plexus also plays role in the thermoregulation of testes [12]. Wright et al [13] reported a decrease in testicular temperature after varicocelectomy in infertile men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mieusset et al [17] measured the temperatures of the testes, scrotum and the Bogros space and found significant differences between undescended and descended testes. Blazquez et al [12] reported that scrotal sweat glands have an important role in thermoregulation of the testes, which are mostly found in the distal part of the scrotum in bulls. They believe that the density of the sweat glands in the scrotum also has an effect on testicular temperature besides dartos contraction and sweat discharge [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blazquez et al [12] reported that scrotal sweat glands have an important role in thermoregulation of the testes, which are mostly found in the distal part of the scrotum in bulls. They believe that the density of the sweat glands in the scrotum also has an effect on testicular temperature besides dartos contraction and sweat discharge [12]. Hendry and Munro [18] reported an improvement in sperm count and motility after treatment of the scrotal dermatitis of the infertility patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Extratesticular Hematoma on Testicular Blood Flow and the Histology of the Testis and Dartos Fascia

Çağlayan

Çakmak²,

Karadeniz³

et al. 2004

Urol Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Hematoma is a common complication of inguinoscrotal surgery in childhood. We aimed to identify the possible effects of extratesticular hematoma on blood flow and the histology of testes in the early period.Also, the dartos tissue was evaluated histologically. Materials and Methods: Unilateral extratesticular hematoma was created in 12 New Zealand rabbits. Parenchyma of the testes and scrotum walls was evaluated by B-mode ultrasound and the spectrum from the intratesticular vessels was obtained by color Doppler ultrasound on days 1, 7 and 15 of the procedure. Testes and scrotal walls were removed at the end of the study for histologic evaluation. Results: There were no significant pathologic findings in the evaluation of the parenchyma and hemodynamia of the testes on days 1, 7 and 15. A well-organized but continuing hematoma was observed on day 15. Increased fibroblastic activity, dense inflammatory cells, necrotic areas and destruction of the muscular layer were observed at pathologic evaluation of the scrotum. Conclusions: Extratesticular hematoma has no effect on testicular histology and hemodynamia in the early period. Pathologic evaluation revealed fibrosis of the dartos fascia at the end of the second week. Destruction and fibrosis of this tissue may have an adverse effect on spermatogenesis by altering thermoregulation.

show abstract

“…Examples of these factors are the evaporation produced by the sweat glands (Blasquez et al 1988, Dyce et al 2004, Nunes 2005, the contraction and relaxation of the cremasteric muscle and dartos tunic responsible for the testicle approximation and coming away in relation to the body (Banks 1991, Hafez & Hafez 2003, and the scrotal sanguine flow which is responsible for the heat irradiation (Brito et al 2004) and the upstream mechanism flow made by the spermatic internal artery in relation to the downstream flow occasioned by the testicular veins (Getty 1986, Godinho et al 1987, Setchell et al 1988, Almeida 2003, Hafez & Hafez 2003, Brito et al 2004, Dyce et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the bipartite scrotum on the testicular and scrotal temperatures in goats

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of the scrotal bipartition and of the year period on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation was evaluated in male goats raised in Piaui State, Brazil. Eighteen male goats at mating age were accomplished in this study and arranged into three Groups (6 animals each) obeying the classification as goats presenting no scrotal bipartition (Group I), goats showing scrotal bipartition at 50% of the testicular length (Group II), and goats with more than 50% of scrotal bipartition (Group III). The scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi temperatures were evaluated invasively with the aid of a digital thermometer and noninvasive with a pyrometer in the proximal, medial and distal portion. The data were acquired during the dry (October-November) and rainy (February-March) period of the year, measured in two shifts: morning (6h00-7h00) and afternoon (14h00-15h00). The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) following the SNK test for average comparison (p<0.05). The year period interfered on the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation, due to increased temperatures of the scrotal, testicular and spermatic funiculi during the dry period in comparison with the rainy period. The bipartition level was also a factor which contributed to the influence of scrotal-testicular temperature regulation, due to lower average scrotaltesticular temperature rates observed during both periods in the goats with higher levels of scrotal bipartition (>50%). It is possible to conclude that with the experimental conditions applied on this study, the level of scrotal bipartition and the climatic conditions interfere with the scrotal-testicular thermal regulation in goats. co, obtidas de forma invasiva, com um termômetro digital termoacoplável, e não invasiva, com um pirômetro, nos terços proximal, médio e distal. Os dados foram coletados nos períodos seco (outubro-novembro) e chuvoso (fevereiro-março) do ano, bem como, nos turnos da manhã (6h00 às 7h00) e tarde (14h00 às 15h00). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida do teste SNK para comparação das médias (p<0,05). O perí-odo do ano interferiu na termorregulação escroto-testicular, pois no período seco as temperaturas do escroto, testí-culo e funículo espermático foram mais elevadas que as observadas no período chuvoso. O grau de bipartição do escroto foi outro fator que modificou a temperatura escrototesticular, já que os caprinos que apresentaram escroto com maior grau de bipartição demonstraram as menores médias das temperaturas escroto-testiculares em ambos os períodos e turnos avaliados. Conclui-se, portanto, que tanto o período do ano quanto o grau de bipartição do escroto influenciaram o processo de termorregulação escroto-testicular em caprinos.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Caprinos, divisão escrotal, termorregulação escroto-testicular.

show abstract

Sweat glands of the scrotum of the bull

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Contribution of the scrotum and testes to scrotal and testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams

Contribution of the scrotum and testes to scrotal and testicular thermoregulation in bulls and rams

Effect of Extratesticular Hematoma on Testicular Blood Flow and the Histology of the Testis and Dartos Fascia

Influence of the bipartite scrotum on the testicular and scrotal temperatures in goats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About