Sweat ethanol concentrations are highly correlated with co-existing blood values in humans

Buono, Michael J.

doi:10.1017/s0958067099017984

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A strong correlation between blood and sweat ethanol concentrations has been reported which could enable continuous blood-alcohol monitoring by sweat analysis (24,25). In a recent work, real-time sweat ethanol monitoring using a wearable tattoo-based iontophoreticbiosensing system has been developed (20).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Emaminejad

Gao

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

642

583

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Perspiration-based wearable biosensors facilitate continuous monitoring of individuals' health states with real-time and molecular-level insight. The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 μL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. A wearable and miniaturized iontophoresis interface is an excellent solution to overcome this barrier. The iontophoresis process involves delivery of stimulating agonists to the sweat glands with the aid of an electrical current. The challenge remains in devising an iontophoresis interface that can extract sufficient amount of sweat for robust sensing, without electrode corrosion and burning/causing discomfort in subjects. Here, we overcame this challenge through realizing an electrochemically enhanced iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sweat analysis platform. This interface can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles for real-time analysis, a capability which can be exploited to advance our knowledge of the sweat gland physiology and the secretion process. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation. With our platform, we detected the elevated sweat electrolyte content of cystic fibrosis patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. Furthermore, our results indicate that oral glucose consumption in the fasting state is followed by increased glucose levels in both sweat and blood. Our solution opens the possibility for a broad range of noninvasive diagnostic and general population health monitoring applications.W earable biosensors have received considerable attention owing to their great promise for a wide range of clinical and physiological applications (1-10). Despite significant progress made in printed and flexible biosensors in the field, a majority of wearable devices focus on monitoring of physical activity or selected electrophysiological parameters, providing only limited information regarding physiological changes of complex homeostatic responses (4-10). Wearable chemical sensors offer great opportunities for collecting physiological information at the molecular level (3,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Recently research advances have resulted in a variety of wearable sweat sensors that can be used for real-time analysis of sweat biomarkers including electrolytes, metabolites, and heavy metals (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). We recently demonstrated a fully integrated wearable sensing system for real-time monitoring of multiple analytes in human perspiration during physical exercise which allows accurate measurement of sweat analytes through signal processing and calibration (16).The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 μL) for on-demand and in situ analysis remains to limit our ...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Emaminejad

Gao

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

642

583

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Experiments with rats showed that 2 h after a single oral ingestion of ethanol skin ethanol levels reach 12-18% of blood values and by 24 h the skin values are still approximately 13% of the 2-hour values [59]. Another study showed that the correlation between sweat ethanol concentrations and blood values in humans is very high suggesting that ethanol equilibrates rapidly between sweat and blood and they are also proportional to each other [60]. Several methods and devices exist, which measure alcohol in sweat and in vapors formed above the skin and it was confirmed that there is a statistically significant linear relationship between these values and ethanol concentrations in blood [61].…”

Section: Alcohol and Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol, Liver, Systemic Inflammation and Skin: A Focus on Patients with Psoriasis

Farkas

Kemény

2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Emerging evidence suggests that excessive alcohol consumption is associated with psoriasis. In alcoholics, antipsoriatic treatments are less efficient, but more toxic and an additional challenge is poor therapeutic compliance. There is a correlation between excess alcohol intake and increased risk of infections, but on the other hand alcohol and its metabolites can trigger a persistent systemic inflammation, mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines released from activated Kupffer cells in the liver and from monocytes in the circulation. Ethanol and its metabolites can also enhance lymphocyte and keratinocyte activation and proliferation and can increase the mRNA levels of genes characteristic for proliferating keratinocytes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which alcohol contributes to psoriasis development focusing on liver, systemic inflammation and skin.

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“…This finding suggests that ethanol equilibrates rapidly between sweat and blood and they are also proportional to each other. 26 The first commercial product that utilized transdermal alcohol testing was an alcohol sweat-patch. A significant amount of research was performed with this device, and it was concluded that there is a statistically significant linear relationship between the concentration of ethanol in sweat and the average concentration of ethanol in blood.…”

Section: Alcohol Alters the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psoriasis and alcohol: is cutaneous ethanol one of the missing links?

Farkas

Kemény

2009

British Journal of Dermatology

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Many exogenous factors including excessive alcohol consumption have been associated with psoriasis, but the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Drinking worsens therapeutic compliance, and decreases the efficacy and increases the toxicity of systemic antipsoriatic treatments. Excess alcohol intake results in compromised immunity and increased risk of infections, but alcohol can induce proinflammatory cytokine production in various cell types and can increase mitogen-derived lymphocyte proliferation and lymphocyte activation. As we have previously reported, alcohol and one of its metabolites, acetone, induce keratinocyte proliferation and increase the mRNA levels of genes characteristic for proliferating keratinocytes, such as alpha5 integrin, cyclin D1 and keratinocyte growth factor receptor. Recently the correlation between blood and skin ethanol levels in humans was determined by a transdermal alcohol monitoring device, against the 'gold standard' breath alcohol readings. Based on transdermal alcohol measurements it can be concluded that cutaneous alcohol concentrations can reach levels that induce proinflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte and keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. It is expected that the development of methodologies measuring transdermal ethanol will provide additional tools to evaluate how alcohol influences skin physiology and different dermatological conditions including psoriasis. Our review focuses on the possible link between alcohol misuse and psoriasis, particularly on the possible role of cutaneous ethanol in precipitating the disease.

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Sweat ethanol concentrations are highly correlated with co-existing blood values in humans

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Alcohol, Liver, Systemic Inflammation and Skin: A Focus on Patients with Psoriasis

Psoriasis and alcohol: is cutaneous ethanol one of the missing links?

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