Swarms of diversity at the gene cox1 in Antarctic krill

Goodall‐Copestake, William P.; Pérez‐Espona, Sílvia; Clark, Melody S.; Murphy, Eugene J.; Seear, Paul J.; Tarling, Geraint A.

doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.188

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Convergence was checked by monitoring traces of sampled parameters and effective sample size, after burning 10% of each chain. For each run, the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of selected groups was determined assuming a sequence substitution rate for crustaceans of 1% per million years (Goodall-Copestake et al, 2010;Lessios, 2008 a Results based on an exponential prior are reported because the rate of exponential growth (g) was significantly higher than 0 for this group. Convergence was achieved after 5 runs of 100 million steps each.…”

Section: Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the expanding Northern NE Atlantic gene pool, a very recent origin (approximately 110,000 years ago) is suggested. These dates have been obtained by applying a substitution rate of 1% per million year obtained from the mid-point of phylogenetic calibrations available for crustaceans (Goodall-Copestake et al, 2010;Lessios, 2008) and may be upwardly biased (Ho et al, 2005). We cannot avoid this limitation due to the lack of specific rates and recent calibration points for this group, it is conservative to consider our date estimations as the maximum age for each given group, bearing in mind that they could be close to the true value in the case of no, or little, timedependency of molecular clock calibrations (Burridge et al, 2008;Millar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)

Patarnello

Papetti

Zane

2010

Advances in Marine Biology

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Section: Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)

Patarnello

Papetti

Zane

2010

Advances in Marine Biology

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“…Given that most of the changes considered within this article will occur over time scales on the order of 100 yr, there are relatively few generations on which evolutionary mechanisms can operate, assuming that krill live for about 4 to 7 yr. Antarctic krill have been found to show little segregation in their population structure and a high level of diversity in genes such as cox1, which is indicative of a very large population gene pool (Zane et al 1998, Goodall-Copestake et al 2010. As a result, it is possible that certain genes that may facilitate resilience in the face of environmental change already exist within this gene pool and may be selected for under certain circumstances.…”

Section: Changes In Krill Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate change on Antarctic krill

Flores¹,

Atkinson²,

Kawaguchi³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

267

196

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International audienceAntarctic krill Euphausia superba (hereafter `krill') occur in regions undergoing rapid environmental change, particularly loss of winter sea ice. During recent years, harvesting of krill has in creased, possibly enhancing stress on krill and Antarctic ecosystems. Here we review the overall impact of climate change on krill and Antarctic ecosystems, discuss implications for an ecosystem-based fisheries management approach and identify critical knowledge gaps. Sea ice decline, ocean warming and other environmental stressors act in concert to modify the abundance, distribution and life cycle of krill. Although some of these changes can have positive effects on krill, their cumulative impact is most likely negative. Recruitment, driven largely by the winter survival of larval krill, is probably the population parameter most susceptible to climate change. Predicting changes to krill populations is urgent, because they will seriously impact Antarctic ecosystems. Such predictions, however, are complicated by an intense inter-annual variability in recruitment success and krill abundance. To improve the responsiveness of the ecosystem-based management approach adopted by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), critical knowledge gaps need to be filled. In addition to a better understanding of the factors influencing recruitment, management will require a better understanding of the resilience and the genetic plasticity of krill life stages, and a quantitative understanding of under-ice and benthic habitat use. Current precautionary management measures of CCAMLR should be maintained until a better understanding of these processes has been achieved. [GRAPHICS]

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“…These species were selected to represent low-and high-diversity scenarios, respectively. Data sets of n¼50 individuals for each species were assembled by randomly selecting cox1 sequences from three location-specific samples of B. ardens (Hadandong, Jeongseon, Ulleungdo) among which there was no evidence for genetic structure and from a single swarmspecific net sample (number 2) of E. superba (Goodall-Copestake et al, 2010). Sample order within both of the n¼50 data sets was randomized 100 times and subsamples of 2-49 individuals were selected from each randomization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific comparisons between h or p from different studies are rare and context-dependent, involving species sharing taxonomic/ecological characteristics (for example, Kim et al, 2009) or population-level samples with similar levels of diversity (for example, Goodall-Copestake et al, 2010). Furthermore, similar values of h or p may be referred to as low in one publication but high in another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the comparison of population-level estimates of haplotype and nucleotide diversity: a case study using the gene cox1 in animals

2012

Self Cite

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Estimates of genetic diversity represent a valuable resource for biodiversity assessments and are increasingly used to guide conservation and management programs. The most commonly reported estimates of DNA sequence diversity in animal populations are haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (p) for the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1). However, several issues relevant to the comparison of h and p within and between studies remain to be assessed. We used population-level cox1 data from peer-reviewed publications to quantify the extent to which data sets can be re-assembled, to provide a standardized summary of h and p estimates, to explore the relationship between these metrics and to assess their sensitivity to under-sampling. Only 19 out of 42 selected publications had archived data that could be unambiguously re-assembled; this comprised 127 population-level data sets (nX15) from 23 animal species. Estimates of h and p were calculated using a 456-base region of cox1 that was common to all the data sets (median h¼0.70130, median p¼0.00356). Non-linear regression methods and Bayesian information criterion analysis revealed that the most parsimonious model describing the relationship between the estimates of h and p was p¼0.0081h 2 . Deviations from this model can be used to detect outliers due to biological processes or methodological issues. Subsampling analyses indicated that samples of n45 were sufficient to discriminate extremes of high from low population-level cox1 diversity, but samples of nX25 are recommended for greater accuracy.

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Swarms of diversity at the gene cox1 in Antarctic krill

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Genetics of Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)

Genetics of Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)

Impact of climate change on Antarctic krill

On the comparison of population-level estimates of haplotype and nucleotide diversity: a case study using the gene cox1 in animals

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