Genetics of Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)

Patarnello, Tomaso; Papetti, Chiara; Zane, Lorenzo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381308-4.00002-9

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Evidence for allopatric divergence between populations within species also has been reported for other holoplanktonic copepods (Goetze 2005(Goetze , 2011 and other planktonic, neustonic and pleustonic species in oceanic habitats (e.g. Andersen et al 2000;Patarnello et al 2010;Churchill et al 2014). These examples provide strong evidence that oceanographic barriers both within and between ocean basins are effective at isolating populations for significant time periods even within these oceanic species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Multilocus evidence for globally distributed cryptic species and distinct populations across ocean gyres in a mesopelagic copepod

et al. 2014

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Zooplanktonic taxa have a greater number of distinct populations and species than might be predicted based on their large population sizes and open-ocean habitat, which lacks obvious physical barriers to dispersal and gene flow. To gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms driving genetic diversification in zooplankton, we developed eight microsatellite markers to examine the population structure of an abundant, globally distributed mesopelagic copepod, Haloptilus longicornis, at 18 sample sites across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (n = 761). When comparing our microsatellite results with those of a prior study that used a mtDNA marker (mtCOII, n = 1059, 43 sample sites), we unexpectedly found evidence for the presence of a cryptic species pair. These species were globally distributed and apparently sympatric, and were separated by relatively weak genetic divergence (reciprocally monophyletic mtCOII lineages 1.6% divergent; microsatellite FST ranging from 0.28 to 0.88 across loci, P < 0.00001). Using both mtDNA and microsatellite data for the most common of the two species (n = 669 for microsatellites, n = 572 for mtDNA), we also found evidence for allopatric barriers to gene flow within species, with distinct populations separated by continental landmasses and equatorial waters in both the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. Our study shows that oceanic barriers to gene flow can act as a mechanism promoting allopatric diversification in holoplanktonic taxa, despite the high potential dispersal abilities and pelagic habitat for these species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Multilocus evidence for globally distributed cryptic species and distinct populations across ocean gyres in a mesopelagic copepod

et al. 2014

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“…Furthermore, dispersal of individuals is key to controlling a population's ability to adapt to changes and colonize suitable areas (Kokko & L opez-Sepulcre 2006). Holozooplankton have shown significant genetic differentiation over a wide range of geographical scales (Cowen et al 2007;Goetze 2005;Hellberg 2009), including within the North Atlantic Ocean Patarnello et al 2010;Peijnenburg et al 2006;Unal & Bucklin 2010;Yebra et al 2011). However, most (if not all) of the findings of significant genetic structuring have involved the presence of hydrographic or geological barriers (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New view of population genetics of zooplankton: RAD‐seq analysis reveals population structure of the North Atlantic planktonic copepod Centropages typicus

Blanco-Bercial

Bucklin

2016

Molecular Ecology

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Detection of population genetic structure of zooplankton at medium-to-small spatial scales in the absence of physical barriers has remained challenging and controversial. The large population sizes and high rates of gene flow characteristic of zooplankton have made resolution of geographical differentiation very difficult, especially when using few genetic markers and assuming equilibrium conditions. Next-generation sequencing now allows simultaneous sampling of hundreds to thousands of genetic markers; new analytical approaches allow studies under nonequilibrium conditions and directional migration. Samples of the North Atlantic Ocean planktonic copepod, Centropages typicus, were analysed using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing on a PROTON platform. Although prior studies revealed no genetic differentiation of populations across the geographical range of the species, analysis of RAD tags showed significant structure across the North Atlantic Ocean. We also compared the likelihood for models of connectivity among NW Atlantic populations under various directional flow scenarios that replicate oceanographic conditions of the sampled domain. High-density marker sampling with RAD sequencing markedly outperformed other technical and analytical approaches in detection of population genetic structure and characterization of connectivity of this high geneflow zooplankton species.

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“…Rates of divergence and amounts of variation differ among these markers, but many studies have documented significant genetic differentiation of zooplankton populations at large, ocean basin scales using mitochondrial DNA (e.g., Goetze 2005;Goetze and Ohman 2010;Miyamoto et al 2010;Blanco-Bercial et al 2011a;Miller et al 2012;Norton and Goetze 2013;Dawson et al 2015) and microsatellite markers (Bolte et al 2013;Andrews et al 2014). A number of studies have used mitochondrial DNA markers to resolve population structure of zooplankton populations associated with physical barriers to gene flow, including ocean circulation, for copepods (Aarbakke et al 2011;Blanco-Bercial et al 2011b and euphausiids (Bucklin et al 1997;Zane et al 1998Zane and Patarnello 2000;Papetti et al 2005;Patarnello et al 2010). …”

Section: Population Genetic Diversity and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) is abundant throughout the North Atlantic and western Mediterranean Sea. The species exhibits clear genetic differentiation among geographic populations based on various mtDNA markers (see review by Patarnello et al 2010). Consistent evidence of local adaptation of the species, including enzyme activities (Saborowski and Buchholz 2002), is now being analyzed using differential gene expression made possible by a reference transcriptome (Maas and Blanco-Bercial 2016).…”

Section: Acartia Tonsa (Copepoda)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genomics of Marine Zooplankton

Bucklin

DiVito

Smolina

et al. 2018

Population Genomics

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The exceptionally large population size and cosmopolitan biogeographic distribution that distinguish many -but not all -marine zooplankton species generate similarly exceptional patterns of population genetic and genomic diversity and structure. The phylogenetic diversity of zooplankton has slowed the application of population genomic approaches, due to lack of genomic resources for closelyrelated species and diversity of genomic architecture, including highly-replicated genomes of many crustaceans. Use of numerous genomic markers, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is transforming our ability to analyze population genetics and connectivity of marine zooplankton, and providing new understanding and different answers than earlier analyses, which typically used mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers. Population genomic approaches have confirmed that, despite high dispersal potential, many zooplankton species exhibit genetic structuring among geographic populations, especially at large ocean-basin scales, and have revealed patterns and pathways of population connectivity that do not always track ocean circulation. Genomic and transcriptomic resources are critically needed to allow further examination of micro-evolution and local adaptation, including identification of genes that show evidence of selection. These new tools will also enable further examination of the significance of small-scale genetic heterogeneity of marine zooplankton, to discriminate genetic "noise" in large and patchy populations from local adaptation to environmental conditions and change.

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Genetics of Northern Krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Multilocus evidence for globally distributed cryptic species and distinct populations across ocean gyres in a mesopelagic copepod

Multilocus evidence for globally distributed cryptic species and distinct populations across ocean gyres in a mesopelagic copepod

New view of population genetics of zooplankton: RAD‐seq analysis reveals population structure of the North Atlantic planktonic copepod Centropages typicus

Population Genomics of Marine Zooplankton

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