“…Speech alterations and mouth breathing were not related to signs and symptoms of TMD in this study; whereas atypical swallowing showed a highly significant relationship ( P < 0·0001). Bianchini [48], in a study of 51 adult patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, did not find any similar association between atypical swallowing and speech alterations and TMD; however, similar results were obtained by Willianson et al [49], who found that abnormal swallowing patterns were present in 19 out of 25 adult patients with TMD, whereas only nine out of 25 control subjects had a swallowing pattern. Willianson et al .…”
It was concluded that parafunctional habits, with the exception of atypical swallowing, and feeding methods were not determinants for the presence of signs and/or symptoms of TMD in the sample of children included in the study.
“…Speech alterations and mouth breathing were not related to signs and symptoms of TMD in this study; whereas atypical swallowing showed a highly significant relationship ( P < 0·0001). Bianchini [48], in a study of 51 adult patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, did not find any similar association between atypical swallowing and speech alterations and TMD; however, similar results were obtained by Willianson et al [49], who found that abnormal swallowing patterns were present in 19 out of 25 adult patients with TMD, whereas only nine out of 25 control subjects had a swallowing pattern. Willianson et al .…”
It was concluded that parafunctional habits, with the exception of atypical swallowing, and feeding methods were not determinants for the presence of signs and/or symptoms of TMD in the sample of children included in the study.
“…On the contrary more recent studies (10, 11) point to anterior open bite as a risk factor to interfere with normal joint function. It has been found to be a major feature of osteoarthritis cases (9, 12) although some authors suggest anterior open bite to be the result of osteoarthritic changes on articular surfaces rather than the cause of it (13, 14). Others did not find any associations between signs and symptoms of TMD and open bite (15).…”
To compare normal overbite, deep bite and open bite cases with clinically healthy temporomandibular joints (TMJ) regarding the difference between condylar positions in centric relation (CR) and habitual or centric occlusion (CO), condylar paths and radiographic findings of condylar appearance in order to establish normative data. Three study groups of normal overbite, deep bite and open bite cases consisted each of 30 subjects with no detectable clinical signs of temporomandibular disorder. The CR-CO differences and axiographic tracings were recorded using the School Artikulator of Mack (SAM) diagnostic system. Condylar shape was evaluated on panoramic radiographs. The CR-CO differences were greater in the vertical plane in open bite cases, and direction of movements from CR to CO showed great variability. Open bite cases had significantly shorter condylar paths. Radiographic findings exhibited that 23% of the total sample showed evidence of erosion and 83% evidence of flattening of condyles. The erosion rates were higher in the open bite group, but flattening was seen more often in the deep bite group. Results of this study showed that open bite cases show larger vertical CR-CO slides and, shorter protrusion paths than normal and deep overbite cases. The radiographic appearance of condyles in non-patients may also differ significantly according to vertical incisor guidance type. Deep bite cases demonstrated a higher incidence of condylar flattening. This study indicates that the clinician should be paying special attention to the TMJ status of open bite patients.
“…Diagnosis and treatment of the craniomandibular system needs to take into consideration mandibular positions governed by the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), the teeth, and the difference between these positions. Some authors stated that centric relation was acquired by swallowing (Hromatka, 1959; Freese & Scheman, 1962; Ramfjord & Ash, 1968) and that swallowing occurred without intercuspation of antagonist teeth (Cleall, 1965; Lauritzen, 1974; Williamson, Hall & Zwemer, 1990; Nogueras et al ., 1991).…”
This study compared the mandibular position at chin-point guided jaw closure, intercuspation and final deglutition (position at the end of swallowing) in 159 asymptomatic subjects and 142 subjects with symptoms in the craniomandibular system. The symptomatic subjects were assigned to four groups showing an adapted centric posture, pain, luxation with reduction of the temporomandibular joint and pain with luxation and reduction. Computer equipment aided recording of hinge axis movements in three dimensions. While the three positions differed significantly in anterior-posterior direction on both sides and in inferior-superior direction on the right, a significant difference between asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects existed only in final deglutition on the left side and in the anterior-posterior location of the guided closure. Final deglutition did not coincide with the guided closure or the intercuspation in approximately 89%. A proportionally large standard deviation gave evidence against a strict relationship of the three positions in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. Because of this variability, final deglutition was not recommended for verification of centric relation or the intercuspal position.
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