Abstract:a b s t r a c tOnly compressional (P) waves are typically used to illuminate the geology of land-based carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage sites because the costs associated with horizontal-force vibrators needed to emit shear (S) waves deters the use of that mode. However, S-waves are highly sensitive to fractures and provide clues to the porosity and permeability of the reservoir and seal. Shear wave energy may also be produced by vertical-force vibrators, and the resulting up-going direct-S waves may be recorded… Show more
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