CO2 induced changes in Mount Simon sandstone: Understanding links to post CO2 injection monitoring, seismicity, and reservoir integrity

Harbert, William; Goodman, Angela; Spaulding, Richard; Haljasmaa, Igor; Crandall, Dustin; Kutchko, Barbara; Tkach, Mary K.; Fuchs, Samantha J.; Werth, Charles J.; Tsotsis, Theodore T.; Dalton, Laura E.; Jessen, Kristian; Shi, Zhubing; Frailey, Scott M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103109

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Permeability evolution, however, cannot be as easily predicted. Previous literature has observed that an increase in porosity can result in an increase (Harbert et al., 2020; Luquot & Gouze, 2009; Voltolini & Ajo‐Franklin, 2019), decrease (Garing et al., 2015; Khather et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2019; Xiong et al., 2016) or no significant change in permeability (Harbert et al., 2020; Rötting et al., 2015) where the spatial distribution of reactions has a significant influence on the relationship between porosity and permeability (Beckingham et al., 2017; Bensinger & Beckingham, 2020; Crandell et al., 2012; Min et al., 2016; Noiriel et al., 2016; Steinwinder & Beckingham, 2019; Tenthorey & Scholz, 2002; Yoon et al., 2019). This is often related to flow and reaction conditions in terms of the dimensionless Peclet and Damköhler numbers, as summarized in Lichtner et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

Sabo

Beckingham

2021

Water Resources Research

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These dissolution and precipitation reactions can modify the porosity and permeability of porous media, but predictive capabilities of such impacts are limited.Mineral reactions occur on reactive surfaces given perturbations from equilibrium. Mineral dissolution occurs in undersaturated conditions and oversaturated conditions favor mineral precipitation. Porosity increases with mineral dissolution and decreases with mineral precipitation such that the overall porosity can typically be effectively predicted. Permeability evolution, however, cannot be as easily predicted. Previous literature has observed that an increase in porosity can result in an increase (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

Sabo

Beckingham

2021

Water Resources Research

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“…Previous experiments show that rock frame weakening or strengthening can occur 14,36 , caused by swelling clays, dissolution of feldspars, chlorite, and carbonates 37 . One implication of rock frame alterations is an increase in microseismicity caused by increasing formation permeability and elevated pore pressure.…”

Section: Results: Rock Frame Changes Caused By Exposure To Co 2 and M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To incorporate compliant porosity, we update the bulk and shear frame moduli for compliant porosity 22 and eqs. ( 13) and (14). Compliant porosity data require experimental data either from the site or similar rock types.…”

Section: Stress Dependence Of Seismic-wave Velocities Because Of Comp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies show that sandstone that is exposed to free-phase CO 2 and brine for several months can demonstrate large changes in seismic velocities ( ~15% decrease for P-wave velocity [V P ] and ~16% decrease for S-wave velocity [V S ]) caused by chemical reactions between the rock and CO 2 (see more in Supplementary Note 1) 14,15 . In other experimental studies, seismic wave speeds can change negligibly or even more so that discussed here; however, these studies vary widely with the experimental setup (e.g., state of injected CO 2 , the residence time, porosity, temperature, mineralogy, etc 16 ).…”

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CO2 rock physics modeling for reliable monitoring of geologic carbon storage

Creasy,

Huang,

Gasperikova

et al. 2024

Commun Earth Environ

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Monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA) are crucial to ensure safe and long-term geologic carbon storage. Seismic monitoring is a key MVA technique that utilizes seismic data to infer elastic properties of CO2-saturated rocks. Reliable accounting of CO2 in subsurface storage reservoirs and potential leakage zones requires an accurate rock physics model. However, the widely used CO2 rock physics model based on the conventional Biot-Gassmann equation can substantially underestimate the influence of CO2 saturation on seismic waves, leading to inaccurate accounting. We develop an accurate CO2 rock physics model by accounting for both effects of the stress dependence of seismic velocities in porous rocks and CO2 weakening on the rock framework. We validate our CO2 rock physics model using the Kimberlina-1.2 model (a previously proposed geologic carbon storage site in California) and create time-lapse elastic property models with our new rock physics method. We compare the results with those obtained using the conventional Biot-Gassmann equation. Our innovative approach produces larger changes in elastic properties than the Biot-Gassmann results. Using our CO2 rock physics model can replicate shear-wave speed reductions observed in the laboratory. Our rock physics model enhances the accuracy of time-lapse elastic-wave modeling and enables reliable CO2 accounting using seismic monitoring.

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“…In a follow-up study, Harbert et al 23 studied the CO 2 -induced changes of two additional Mt. Simon sandstone samples, extracted from depths of 6919.3 ft (2109 m) and 6926.1 ft (2111 m), that were incubated in scCO 2 /brine at reservoir-relevant conditions for a longer period of one month.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of exposure to brine/CO₂ on the mechanical and transport properties of the Mt. Simon Sandstone

2021

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When sandstone rocks are exposed to CO 2 -saturated brine, their transport and mechanical properties can, potentially, change due to chemical reactions as a result of such exposure. This paper investigates changes in the flow-through characteristics, porosity, and the mechanical properties of Mt. Simon Sandstone samples caused by such exposure to brine/CO 2 . A core, extracted from the Mt. Simon formation, was first characterized for its porosity and relevant transport properties, and it was then aged for over 500 hr in CO 2 -saturated brine at formation-relevant pressure, temperature, and confining stress conditions. The deformation of the sample was measured in situ during aging via strain gauges attached to the core's surface. Following the aging experiment, the sample's porosity and transport properties were again analyzed. Our experiments show that both the porosity and permeability of the Mt. Simon sandstone sample increase due to exposure to brine/CO 2 , with the impact on permeability being more significant. The deformation measurements employing strain gauges indicate a weakening of the core material. Analysis of the composition of the brine at the conclusion of the testing reveals changes, specifically, an increase in the concentration of several of the cations. These changes are indicative of mineral/clay dissolution, consistent with the porosity, permeability, and strain gauge measurements.

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CO2 induced changes in Mount Simon sandstone: Understanding links to post CO2 injection monitoring, seismicity, and reservoir integrity

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

CO2 rock physics modeling for reliable monitoring of geologic carbon storage

Impact of exposure to brine/CO₂ on the mechanical and transport properties of the Mt. Simon Sandstone

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CO2 induced changes in Mount Simon sandstone: Understanding links to post CO2 injection monitoring, seismicity, and reservoir integrity

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

Porosity‐Permeability Evolution During Simultaneous Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation

CO2 rock physics modeling for reliable monitoring of geologic carbon storage

Impact of exposure to brine/CO2 on the mechanical and transport properties of the Mt. Simon Sandstone

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Impact of exposure to brine/CO₂ on the mechanical and transport properties of the Mt. Simon Sandstone