Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction assisted by palladium nanoparticles-decorated zeolite 13X nanocomposite: a greener approach

Palladium Supported on Bioinspired Materials as Catalysts for C–C Coupling Reactions

“…In 2011, Raston et al described the preparation of glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan nanofibers by the electrospinning of an equimolar solution of pristine chitosan and glutaraldehyde in CH2Cl2/trifluoroacetic acid, followed by the treatment with aqueous Na2PdCl4 to give Pd(II)-chitosan fibers [89]. SEM images of the final material showed highly cross-linked fibers with an average diameter of 62±9 nm, while the formation of the imino C=N bonds between chitosan chains and glutaraldehyde was verified by solid-state 13 C-NMR spectroscopy; XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) studies established the presence of Pd(II) species, rather than Pd(0). These Pd(II)-chitosan nanofibers were successfully used as a recyclable catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck coupling with very low metal loading (0.17 mol%), using the reaction of iodobenzene and n-butyl acrylate as model reagents (up to seven cycles with > 99% conversion).…”

“…In order to enhance their stability and avoid metal agglomeration, palladium nanoparticles have been deposited on several kinds of matrices, thus allowing the separation of the metal from the solution and the recycling of the catalyst. Different supports have been used for this purpose, such as activated carbon [11], metal oxides [12], zeolites [13], clays [14] and polymers [15][16][17]. However, less attention has been paid to organic natural solid supports which are abundant, available, inexpensive and non-toxic materials.…”

Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Porous Silica Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts of C−C Coupling and Cross‐Coupling Reactions

“…A zeolite 13X nanocomposite with Pd particles of 7–10 nm has been developed by Deepika and Sethuraman [33] . In the synthesis process, the mixture of the zeolite, an acetone/water extract of the powdered dried fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.…”

“…A zeolite 13X nanocomposite with Pd particles of 7-10 nm has been developed by Deepika and Sethuraman. [33] In the synthesis process, the mixture of the zeolite, an acetone/water extract of the powdered dried fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (known as "king of medicine" in Tibet), serving as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and PdCl 2 were treated at 80 °C for 24 h. FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, BET, and TGA allowed to collect a rich source of structural information.…”

Coal fly ash derived zeolite: a solid-state base for convenient synthesis of diphenyl ethers

“…16,17 The surface of zeolites has diverse groups that allow interactions with different organic substrates for use in organic reactions like transesterification, coupling reactions, Knoevenagel reactions, isomerization, oxidation, carbonylation, and many others. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Surface functionalization of zeolites is important in carrying out specific organic reactions. For example, surface methoxy groups on mordenite were key intermediates for methane-to-methanol conversion.…”