Sustaining Systemic Racism Through Psychological Gaslighting: Denials of Racial Profiling and Justifications of Carding by Police Utilizing Local News Media

Abstract

This article examines Police Services and local media discourses on street checks in Hamilton, Ontario, from June 2015 to April 2016 and their usage as a form of psychological abuse known as gaslighting. Despite the widespread coverage that the Hamilton Police Service received as a result of being linked to systemic racist practices, a year later, the Hamilton Police Service was able to avoid being implicated in deliberately conducting racial profiling through strategic tactics in the discourse they relied upon and presented in the media. Through an analysis of 27 local news media articles on the topic of street checks, it is argued that the Police Services and local media discourse enact gaslighting, a form of psychological abuse that is used to manipulate object(s) in order to deceive and undermine the credibility of the target. The psychological effects of gaslighting on people of color included a sense of alienation, disenfranchisement from the community, and distrust toward the police. Through a case study application, it is suggested that gaslighting is part of a systemic, historical process of racism that has been used by the police and government organizations to both illegally target people of color and deny complicity in racial profiling.

“It’s Not in Your Head”: Gaslighting, ‘Splaining, Victim Blaming, and Other Harmful Reactions to Microaggressions

“…Scholars in both psychology and sociology have argued that the definition of gaslighting can be extended to include a single act or series of acts perpetrated by any person in a position of power designed to manipulate less powerful others to doubt themselves or question their own sanity or memory (Davis & Ernst, 2019; Tobias & Joseph, 2020). Sweet (2019) noted that gaslighting is embedded in a larger system of social inequality and can take place in relationships that are power laden.…”

Gaslighting: İki Yüzlü Bir Duygusal İstismarla Yüzleşmek

“…Gaslighting herhangi bir meslektaş tarafından gerçekleştirilebilir fakat, failin, iktidar konumunda olması durumunda mağdura çok daha büyük zararlar verebilir (Simon G., 2011). Bu nedenle psikoloji ve sosyoloji araştırmacıları gaslighting'i bir güç ilişkisi olarak da yorumlar ve güçlü konumda olan birey veya bireylerin kendilerinden güçsüz durumda olan birey veya grupların kendi akıl sağlıkları ve hafızalarıyla ilgili şüphe duymalarına sebep olacak bir manipülasyon biçimi olarak tanımı genişletirler (Davis & Ernst, 2019;Tobias & Joseph, 2020).…”

Cultural Gaslighting

“…20Heston Tobias and Ameil Joseph make a related point, arguing gaslighting is a “historical form” of abuse that predates its coinage in settler aesthetics. It has been a technique of communal incapacitation through targeting noncompliance in Black communities, such that “gaslighting is part of a systemic, historical process of racism that has been used by the police and government organizations to both illegally target people of color and deny complicity in racial profiling” (Tobias and Joseph 2018, 22, my emphasis).…”