Sustained SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody levels in nonsevere COVID-19: a population-based study

Schaffner, Anna; Risch, Lorenz; Weber, Myriam; Thiel, Sarah; Jüngert, Katharina; Pichler, Michael; Wohlwend, Nadia; Lung, Thomas; Ritzler, Michael; Hillmann, Dorothea; Copeland, Sandra; Renz, Harald; Paprotny, Matthias; Risch, Martin

doi:10.1515/cclm-2020-1347

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(8 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These studies have been done by using isotype-specific assays. Somewhat in contrast to these investigations, we were able to demonstrate that pan-SARS-CoV-2 N-antigen antibody remained constant over a duration of five months after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 14 ]. In line with our findings, another population-based study in Iceland demonstrated that pan-SARS-CoV-2 N-antigen and pan-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD antibody positivity rates remained constant over 112 days [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can help to clarify whether these individuals have had SARS-CoV-2 infection in the past [ 12 ]. At present, there is uncertainty regarding whether the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies confers protection against reinfection, and there is conflicting evidence regarding whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can persist over a longer period of time [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of a Pan-Immunoglobulin Assay Quantifying Antibodies Directed against the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S1-Subunit of the Spike Protein: A Population-Based Study

Schaffner

Risch

Aeschbacher

et al. 2020

JCM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pan-immunoglobulin assays can simultaneously detect IgG, IgM and IgA directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the spike protein (S) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig). In this work, we aim to evaluate a quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) regarding analytical, diagnostic, operational and clinical characteristics. Our work takes the form of a population-based study in the principality of Liechtenstein, including 125 cases with clinically well-described and laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1159 individuals without evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 cases were tested for antibodies in sera taken with a median of 48 days (interquartile range, IQR, 43–52) and 139 days (IQR, 129–144) after symptom onset. Sera were also tested with other assays targeting antibodies against non-RBD-S1 and -S1/S2 epitopes. Sensitivity was 97.6% (95% confidence interval, CI, 93.2–99.1), whereas specificity was 99.8% (95% CI, 99.4–99.9). Antibody levels linearly decreased from hospitalized patients to symptomatic outpatients and SARS-CoV-2 infection without symptoms (p < 0.001). Among cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection, smokers had lower antibody levels than non-smokers (p = 0.04), and patients with fever had higher antibody levels than patients without fever (p = 0.001). Pan-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig in SARS-CoV-2 infection cases significantly increased from first to second follow-up (p < 0.001). A substantial proportion of individuals without evidence of past SARS-CoV-2 infection displayed non-S1-RBD antibody reactivities (248/1159, i.e., 21.4%, 95% CI, 19.1–23.4). In conclusion, a quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig assay offers favorable and sustained assay characteristics allowing the determination of quantitative associations between clinical characteristics (e.g., disease severity, smoking or fever) and antibody levels. The assay could also help to identify individuals with antibodies of non-S1-RBD specificity with potential clinical cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Pan-Immunoglobulin Assay Quantifying Antibodies Directed against the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S1-Subunit of the Spike Protein: A Population-Based Study

Schaffner

Risch

Aeschbacher

et al. 2020

JCM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(2) 45 cross-sectional or cohort studies [18][19][20][21][22][23]25,26,29,31,32,35,37,[39][40][41][42][43][44]47,48,[51][52][53][54][55][56][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][67][68][69]71,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80] characterizing the antibody response (i.e., antibody types, levels, and duration) among adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 317 studies validating the diagnostic performance of one or more immunoassays. 16,17,24,27,…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A longitudinal prospective study of neutralizing antibody titers among 32 recovered adults collected samples up to 152 days after symptom onset, the longest duration of followup among included studies. 25 With a few exceptions, 15,22,51,54,64 most other studies followed participants for less than 100 days.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petersen 51 Schaffner 54 Theel 65 Van Elslande (74.4-96.5) 100 (95.4-100) Y Y Andrey 16 Andrey 17 Chirathaworn 23 Gudbjartsson 15 Jaaskelainen 38 Schaffner 54 Terpos 64 Theel 65 Traugott 66 Wolff 72 SARS-CoV-2 IgA ELISA ELISA IgA 97.4 (90.9-99.5) 93.8 (89-96.6) N Y Chirathaworn 23 Gudbjartsson 15 Jaaskelainen 38 Schaffner 54 Terpos 64 Traugott 66 Wolff 72 Guangzhou Wondofo Biotech Co., Ltd.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review

Mackey

Arkhipova-Jenkins

Armstrong

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

 Evidence suggests that the majority of adults develop detectable levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate strength of evidence* [SoE]).  IgM levels peak approximately 20 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and subsequently decline. IgG levels peak approximately 25 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and may remain detectable for at least 120 days (moderate SoE*).  Almost all adults develop neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these antibodies may remain detectable for at least 152 days (low SoE*).  A small percentage of people do not develop antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection for reasons that are largely unclear but may be related to less severe disease or absence of symptoms.  Antibody prevalence does not appear to vary by age or sex, but older age may be associated with higher antibody levels (low SoE*). Non-White race may be associated with higher antibody prevalence and levels (low SoE*). COVID-19 severity and presence of symptoms may also be associated with higher antibody prevalence or levels (low SoE*). More evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions regarding how the antibody response varies by patient characteristics and disease factors.  Studies to date have not established the relationship between the development of antibodies after RT-PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of reinfection. Studies based on index serologic testing suggest that the presence of antibodies is associated with a lower risk of a subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.

show abstract

Persistence of humoral response upon SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Knies

Braun

Kimpel

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary SARS‐CoV‐2 continues to leave its toll on global health and the economy. Management of the pandemic will rely heavily on the degree of adaptive immunity persistence following natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Along with the progression of the pandemic, more literature on the persistence of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody response is becoming available. Here, we summarize findings on the persistence of the humoral, including neutralizing antibody, response at three to eight months post SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in non‐pregnant adults. While the comparability of the literature is limited, findings on the detectability of immunoglobulin G class of antibodies (IgG) were most consistent and were reported in most studies to last for six to eight months. Studies investigating the response of immunoglobins M and A (IgM, IgA) were limited and reported mixed results, in particular, for IgM. The majority of studies observed neutralizing antibodies at all time points tested, which in some studies lasted up to eight months. The presence of neutralizing antibodies has been linked to protection from re‐infection, suggesting long‐term immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2. These neutralizing capacities may be challenged by emerging virus variants, but mucosal antibodies as well as memory B and T cells may optimize future immune responses. Thus, further longitudinal investigation of PCR‐confirmed seropositive individuals using sensitive assays is warranted to elucidate the nature and duration of a more long‐term humoral response.

show abstract

Sustained SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody levels in nonsevere COVID-19: a population-based study

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of a Pan-Immunoglobulin Assay Quantifying Antibodies Directed against the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S1-Subunit of the Spike Protein: A Population-Based Study

Characterization of a Pan-Immunoglobulin Assay Quantifying Antibodies Directed against the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S1-Subunit of the Spike Protein: A Population-Based Study

Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review

Persistence of humoral response upon SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About