Sustained Elongation of Sperm Tail Promoted by Local Remodeling of Giant Mitochondria in Drosophila

Noguchi, Takao; Koizumi, Michiko; Hayashi, Shigeo

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.04.016

Cited by 88 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…To test if cytoplasmic nucleation occurred at the surface of a specific organelle, as has been shown or suggested in other systems (the Golgi apparatus [Chabin-Brion et al, 2001;Efimov et al, 2007], mitochondrion [Noguchi et al, 2011], peroxisome [Zekert et al, 2010], nucleus [Shimamura et al, 2004;Murata et al, 2013], and chloroplast [Shimamura et al, 2004]), we prepared cell lines expressing mCherry-tagged (or RFP-tagged) organelle markers and (B) and (C) MT depolymerization-regrowth assay using oryzalin. New MTs emerged after ;5 min of oryzalin washout.…”

Section: Development Of An Assay To Visualize and Quantify Mt Generatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic Nucleation and Atypical Branching Nucleation Generate Endoplasmic Microtubules inPhyscomitrella patens

et al. 2015

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The mechanism underlying microtubule (MT ) generation in plants has been primarily studied using the cortical MT array, in which fixed-angled branching nucleation and katanin-dependent MT severing predominate. However, little is known about MT generation in the endoplasm. Here, we explored the mechanism of endoplasmic MT generation in protonemal cells of Physcomitrella patens. We developed an assay that utilizes flow cell and oblique illumination fluorescence microscopy, which allowed visualization and quantification of individual MT dynamics. MT severing was infrequently observed, and disruption of katanin did not severely affect MT generation. Branching nucleation was observed, but it showed markedly variable branch angles and was occasionally accompanied by the transport of nucleated MTs. Cytoplasmic nucleation at seemingly random locations was most frequently observed and predominated when depolymerized MTs were regrown. The MT nucleator g-tubulin was detected at the majority of the nucleation sites, at which a single MT was generated in random directions. When g-tubulin was knocked down, MT generation was significantly delayed in the regrowth assay. However, nucleation occurred at a normal frequency in steady state, suggesting the presence of a g-tubulin-independent backup mechanism. Thus, endoplasmic MTs in this cell type are generated in a less ordered manner, showing a broader spectrum of nucleation mechanisms in plants.

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Section: Development Of An Assay To Visualize and Quantify Mt Generatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic Nucleation and Atypical Branching Nucleation Generate Endoplasmic Microtubules inPhyscomitrella patens

et al. 2015

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“…Interestingly, many of the mitochondrial genes have evolved to function specifically during spermatogenesis in Drosophila (Gallach et al, 2010). This organelle has an essential role in sperm morphogenesis (Noguchi et al, 2011) and motility (Fuller, 1993), although it is not inherited through males in Drosophila (DeLuca and O'Farrell, 2012). Altogether, the system sets the stage in which interactions between mitochondria and Y-linked modifiers of sex-ratio can evolve.…”

Section: Regulation Of Testis-specific Genes In Males With Resistant mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation of the Y chromosome suppresses sex ratio distortion and modulates testis-specific gene expression in Drosophila simulans

Branco¹,

Tao

Hartl

et al. 2013

Heredity

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X-linked sex-ratio distorters that disrupt spermatogenesis can cause a deficiency in functional Y-bearing sperm and a femalebiased sex ratio. Y-linked modifiers that restore a normal sex ratio might be abundant and favored when a X-linked distorter is present. Here we investigated natural variation of Y-linked suppressors of sex-ratio in the Winters systems and the ability of these chromosomes to modulate gene expression in Drosophila simulans. Seventy-eight Y chromosomes of worldwide origin were assayed for their resistance to the X-linked sex-ratio distorter gene Dox. Y chromosome diversity caused males to sire B63% to B98% female progeny. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed hundreds of genes differentially expressed between isogenic males with sensitive (high sex ratio) and resistant (low sex ratio) Y chromosomes from the same population. Although the expression of about 75% of all testis-specific genes remained unchanged across Y chromosomes, a subset of post-meiotic genes was upregulated by resistant Y chromosomes. Conversely, a set of accessory gland-specific genes and mitochondrial genes were downregulated in males with resistant Y chromosomes. The D. simulans Y chromosome also modulated gene expression in XXY females in which the Y-linked protein-coding genes are not transcribed. The data suggest that the Y chromosome might exert its regulatory functions through epigenetic mechanisms that do not require the expression of protein-coding genes. The gene network that modulates sex ratio distortion by the Y chromosome is poorly understood, other than that it might include interactions with mitochondria and enriched for genes expressed in post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis.

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“…melanogaster male meiosis produces four spermatids, each comprising a nucleus and a mitochondrial derivative called the nebenkern. Elongating spermatids contain two classes of MTs: the MTs that comprise the axoneme, which is dispensable for sperm elongation, and the cytoplasmic MTs that drive sperm tail growth (Basto et al, 2006;Noguchi et al, 2011). The cytoplasmic MTs interact with the mitochondrial derivatives and mediate the extension of these structures, which are thought to serve as cell shape templates during spermatid elongation (Noguchi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant meiotic spindles in males from Drosophila species with giant sperm tails

Lattao

Bonaccorsi

Gatti

2012

Journal of Cell Science

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SummaryThe spindle is a highly dynamic molecular machine that mediates precise chromosome segregation during cell division. Spindle size can vary dramatically, not only between species but also between different cells of the same organism. However, the reasons for spindle size variability are largely unknown. Here we show that variations in spindle size can be linked to a precise developmental requirement. Drosophila species have dramatically different sperm flagella that range in length from 0.3 mm in D. persimilis to 58.3 mm in D. bifurca. We found that males of different species exhibit striking variations in meiotic spindle size, which positively correlate with sperm length, with D. bifurca showing 30-fold larger spindles than D. persimilis. This suggests that primary spermatocytes of Drosophila species manufacture and store amounts of tubulin that are proportional to the axoneme length and use these tubulin pools for spindle assembly. These findings highlight an unsuspected plasticity of the meiotic spindle in response to the selective forces controlling sperm length.

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Sustained Elongation of Sperm Tail Promoted by Local Remodeling of Giant Mitochondria in Drosophila

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Cytoplasmic Nucleation and Atypical Branching Nucleation Generate Endoplasmic Microtubules inPhyscomitrella patens

Cytoplasmic Nucleation and Atypical Branching Nucleation Generate Endoplasmic Microtubules inPhyscomitrella patens

Natural variation of the Y chromosome suppresses sex ratio distortion and modulates testis-specific gene expression in Drosophila simulans

Giant meiotic spindles in males from Drosophila species with giant sperm tails

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