Sustainable Use of Extracts of Some Plants Growing in Ethiopia for the Formulation of Herbal Shampoo and Its Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract

Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, and scalp without harming the user. This study aimed to formulate herbal shampoo using Ethiopian plant extracts and evaluate their quality parameters. Herbal shampoos were formulated using seed oil extracts of Lepidium sativum L. and Ricinus communis L., and essential oil extracts of Lippia adeonsis Hochst ex. Walp koseret, along with other ingredients. The formulated herbal shampoos were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as pH, surface tension, viscosity, dirt dispersion, antimicrobial activities, and stability. When the investigation data were assessed, the formulations were pleasant and attractive, produced sufficient foam, and showed suitable cleansing activities. The pH values were in a range 5.90 ± 0.22–7.45 ± 0.19, and lower surface tension (23.39 ± 0.20–31.89 ± 1.04 dyne/cm) together with acceptable viscosity with good shearing properties were obtained. The formulated products exhibited good antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger. When the surface morphologies of hair samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a clean and smooth surface was observed for treated samples, comparable to that of the marketed shampoo. This result indicated that the formulated herbal shampoo is good, having acceptable properties at par with commercially available shampoos. However, further investigation, research, and development are required to improve its quality and safety.

Novel anti‐dandruff shampoo incorporated with ketoconazole‐coated zinc oxide nanoparticles using green tea extract

“…The prepared shampoo as shown in the Figure 9 was opaque, light brown in color, and had pleasant odor due to incorporated rose oil in the formulation. The pH of shampoo was 6.9, which is within the recommended pH range for a shampoo that is 5–7.8 45 . The prepared shampoo produced stable foam of 35 mL as shown in Figure 10.…”

Crude Extracts from <em>Lippia adoensis</em> (Hochst.) Inhibit the Growth of <em>Plasmodium</em>, <em>Leishmania </em>and <em>Trypanosoma </em>Parasites

“…Furthermore, the interest of natural product-based drug discovery over high throughput screening of combinatorial libraries [18] justifies the suitability of natural compound pharmacophores in the discovery of antiprotozoal drugs. Lippia adoensis is an example of medicinal plants used for the traditional treatment of several diseases, including skin disorders, superficial fungal infections, malaria, and fever conditions [19]. In Ethiopia, the leaves of Lippia adoensis are used to cure toothache, diarrhea and indigestion [20], whereas the leaf decoction is employed as a remedy for fever and constipation in children, and for the treatment of bronchitis, skin disorders and ophthalmia [21,22].…”

Formulation of Botanical Shampoo Infused with Standardised Mangosteen Peel Extract for Healthy Hair and Scalp

“…More consumers prefer to use plant-based hair shampoos, which are natural and sustainable. Godeto et al [2] recently reported that formulated herbal shampoos could also be on par with commercially available shampoos. The shampoo formulations were pleasant, producing good foaming and cleansing abilities.…”