Sustainable strategies of C–N bond formation via Ullmann coupling employing earth abundant copper catalyst

Cu/Mn-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides and Amines Promoted by a Polyamidoamine Dendrimer

“…Additional studies are warranted to differentiate between these possible mechanisms. 32 Additionally, we compared the efficiency of the present catalyst system [Mn(OAc) 2 + Cu(OAc) 2 ] with that of other reported metal complexes, including those of Pd, Rh, Ir, Ni, and Co (Table 2). The methods reported in Table 2, entries 1-3 and 5, use expensive Pd metal and sensitive phosphates, and work with aryl bromides only.…”

A general and expedient amination of alcohols catalysed by a single-site (NN)Co(ii)-bidentate complex under solventless conditions

“…[3][4][5] In view of this, numerous synthetic routes have been developed for C-N bond formation reactions to N-alkylated amines. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Conventionally, this process involves nucleophilic substitution with organic halides, 13 hydroamination, 12,14,15 and reductive amination of aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [16][17][18][19] However, these methods have been curtailed due to the need for harsh reaction conditions, utilization of toxic and harmful reagents, and preactivated starting materials, leading to the generation of a large amount of inorganic waste, resulting in poor selectivity and low yield, thereby limiting their applicability.…”

Ullmann homocoupling of arenediazonium salts in a deep eutectic solvent. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects

“…Interestingly, in the last few years with the increasing understanding of its mechanism, 6 the use and development of different types of ligands and the application of the green technologies allowed the Ullmann reaction to be carried out under milder conditions with optimal yields and with excellent functional group tolerance. 7 These allow broader applications of the Ullmann reaction, including copper-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution between various nucleophiles with aryl halides, known as Ulmann-type reactions ( Scheme 1 ). 8 …”