Sustainable Sports Tourism Performance Assessment Using Grey-Based Hybrid Model

Abstract

The development of sports tourism is gaining momentum around the world, with many tourism industries combining sports events and programs to attract more domestic and overseas customers to promote economic and culture. Sustainability awareness has been gaining attention from many international organizations, resulting in the rise of sports tourism that incorporates sustainability. Therefore, the development of a valid and applicable sustainable sports tourism (SST) assessment model is an important task. In this study, a hybrid Multiple Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) model is proposed to measure the development performance of SST. The aims of this study include developing a SST assessment framework, identifying the mutual influential relationships among attributes, generating attribute influence weights, and calculating the performance of the evaluated items. The proposed model is divided into three stages. First, a cause-and-effect diagram is generated using the Grey Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (GDEMATEL) to describe the interactions and feedback among the attributes. Then, the GDEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process (GDANP) is applied to generate the influence weights of the attributes and their rankings. Finally, the expanded Probability-based Grey Relational Analysis (expanded PGRA) was applied to calculate the performance of the evaluated items and to determine the gap between evaluated items and the aspiration level. This study improves the original PGRA technique by introducing the concept of aspiration level into the PGRA calculation process, thereby replacing the traditional concept of “relative satisfaction” with “aspiration level”. In addition, the expanded PGRA can assess a single rated item without being limited to at least two items. We used the Sun Moon Lake Scenic Area in Taiwan as a model demonstration. The results show that the top three attributes that need to be strengthened are disease prevention and treatment, local social welfare and protection, and sports diversity. In the Sun Moon Lake, intersection control should be set up to ensure the health status of visitors and local residents. In addition to epidemic prevention, more measures and behaviors should be developed to deal with tourism diseases. We suggested that subsidies be provided to local residents to rebuild the fences around their homes to avoid disturbances caused by the influx of tourists. Moreover, the local government can create more sports events with special characteristics that can attract tourists to come again and again.

Innovation and Application of Knowledge Graph to Improve the Efficiency of Sports Event Operation and Promotion Methods

“…where 𝑇 𝑘𝑖 denotes the evaluation of item i by user k. The user's predicted score for the item is calculated from the obtained item similarity matrix. The calculation procedure is shown in Equation (8).…”

“…1941 marked the beginning of commercial operation of sporting event broadcasting with the first sale of the American Football League's broadcasting rights of its championship and runner-up finals. Although the commercial operation of Olympic broadcasting rights was controversial for some time afterwards, it has become an integral part of sports development today [8][9][10][11]. On the one hand, the broadcasting of sports events breaks the limitation of time and space, gives the audience an immersive experience and expands the influence of sports in the world.…”

A Logical Rationale for Sports Tourism to Help Rural Revitalization under Integrated Transfer Learning Strategy

“…However, due to the short history of industry development, imperfect policies and regulations, and lack of talent, there are still many problems, such as single industry, small scale, and unfavorable organization and operation [9]. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to conduct systematic research and discussion to propose feasible solutions and future development directions for these problems and challenges [10].…”

Construction Quality Evaluation of Large-Scale Concrete Canal Lining Based on Statistical Analysis, FAHM, and Cloud Model

“…Wang et al [6] pointed out that the quality control of canal linings during winter construction processes is focused on the control of compaction, geomembrane control is focused on adjusting the welding temperature through testing to ensure the quality of the welds, and the quality control of concrete construction is focused on temperature control during the pouring and maintenance period. Commonly used comprehensive construction quality evaluation methods include the gray relational analysis method [7,8], the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOP-SIS) [9,10], and the undetermined measure theory [11]. Mo et al [12] used the COMSOL software to evaluate the effect of laying composite geomembranes at the bottom of the entire canal lining in terms of improving the frost swelling of the canal lining.…”