Rechargeable lithium ion battery (LIB) has dominated the energy market from portable electronics to electric vehicles, but the fast-charging remains challenging. The safety concerns of lithium deposition on graphite anode or the decreased energy density using Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) anode are incapable to satisfy applications. Herein, the sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is explored for the first time as a high capacity and safer anode in LIBs, in which the high voltage cathode of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM-H) is further introduced to configure a new SPAN|NCM-H battery with great fast-charging features. The LIB demonstrates a good stability with a high capacity retention of 89.7% after 100 cycles at a high voltage of 3.5 V (i.e., 4.6 V vs Li + /Li). Particularly, the excellent rate capability is confirmed and 78.7% of initial capacity can still be delivered at 4.0C. In addition, 97.6% of the battery capacity can be charged within 2.0C, which is much higher than 80% in current fast-charging application standards. The feature of lithiation potential (>1.0 V vs Li + /Li) of SPAN avoids the lithium deposition and improves the safety, while the high capacity over 640 mAh g −1 promises 43.5% higher energy density than that of LTO-based battery, enabling its great competitiveness to conventional LIBs.even shorter) has attracted considerable attention, [1][2][3][4][5] because the fast charging is one of the most important parameters for electronics and electric vehicles applications. However, the conventional fast charging LIBs using graphite anode always suffers the problem of lithium deposition, which not only shortens the cycle life but also induces the serious safety concerns (e.g., internal short circuit). This is because the potential of graphite can be reduced to the threshold of metallic lithium deposition [6][7][8] due to the large polarization under high charging current, while the deposited lithium is highly active and can react with electrolyte, leading to the death of lithium and increase of internal resistance with a rapid capacity fading. [9] Although the strategies of designing porous graphite etched by KOH [10] or synthesizing composites with conductive matrix (e.g., vaporgrown carbon fibers, [11] carbon nanotube or graphene [12] ) and 3D sponged carbon nanofiber [13] have been explored to enhance the rate capability, the new issues of low initial coulombic efficiency (CE), thick solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) or limited capacity still hinder their practical applications.
Fast Charging BatteriesThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.