Sustainable Smart Cities and Industrial Ecosystem: Structural and Relational Changes of the Smart City Industries in Korea

Abstract

This paper examines the changing industrial ecosystem of smart cities in Korea using both input–output and structural path analysis from 1960 to 2015. The industry type of the input–output tables used in the Bank of Korea was reclassified into nine categories: Agriculture and Mining, Traditional Manufacturing, IT Manufacturing, Construction, Energy, IT Services, Knowledge Services, Traditional Services and other unclassified. The paper identified the changing patterns of an industrial ecosystem of smart cities in Korea. The study found that smart industries such as smart buildings and smart vehicles are anchor industries in Korean smart cities, and they are positively correlated with three other industries: IT Manufacturing, IT Services and Knowledge Services. The results of the input–output and structural path analysis show that the conventional industrial structure of labor-intensive manufacturing and diesel and petroleum cars has been transformed to the emerging high-tech industries and services in smart cities. Smart industries such as IT Manufacturing, IT Services and Knowledge Services have led to sustainable national economic growth, with greater value-added than other industries. The underlying demand for smart industries in Korea is rapidly growing, suggesting that other industries will seek further informatization, automatization and smartification. Consequently, smart industries are emerging as anchor industries which create value chains of new industries, serving as accelerators or incubators, for the development of other industries.

Development and Application of Smart SPIN Model: Measuring the Spectrum, Penetration, Impact and Network of Smart City Industries in South Korea

“…Studies of smart city industrial ecosystems have seen little research and progress worldwide. Most representative and qualitative research studies such as system architecture design and governance establishment were on smart city ecosystems [19,[41][42][43] and smart city innovation ecosystems [44], whereas quantitative studies were on the changes of smart city industry convergence [10,12,44].…”

“…They join various technologies and industries such as knowledge, construction and energy. Through this, they implement a smart economy, smart environment, smart mobility, and therefore, a smart life [8,10].…”

“…Consequently, there have been more studies on the ecology of smart cities recently. Typically, studies have focused on smart city industrial ecosystems [10,12], smart city governance ecosystem [13,14], smart city service and technology ecosystems [15][16][17] and smart city data management ecosystems [18,19]. The study aims to clarify the concepts of enterprise architecture, big and open linked data analytics and smart city and how they are related to each other [18].…”

“…Recently, these studies have added importance to the value chain in the industrial ecosystem using structural path analysis with input-output tables [10,12]. Analyzing clusters is important while performing industrial ecosystem analysis.…”

Greening the Artificial Intelligence for a Sustainable Planet: An Editorial Commentary

“…Sustainable smart cities and industrial ecosystem: structural and relational changes of the smart city industries in Korea [90]. 6.…”