Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Mishnaevsky, Leon

doi:10.3390/ma14051124

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…FRP recycling is not carried out for economic reasons, as the recycled fibers obtained are short (therefore losing the added value of long fibers) and more expensive than virgin fibers. Thus, the motivation for recycling is not to reduce raw material costs but to cope with the high volume of FRP waste that is expected in the upcoming years, when wind energy elements and aircrafts reach their end-of-life [ 21 ]. An example of the environmental impact caused by the accumulation of FRP at end-of-life is shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

et al. 2021

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The rapid increase in the application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials represents a challenge to waste recycling. The circular economy approach coupled with the possibility of recovering carbon fibers from CFRP waste with similar properties to virgin carbon fibers at a much lower cost and with lower energy consumption motivate the study of CFRP recycling. Mechanical recycling methods allow the obtention of chopped composite materials, while both thermal and chemical recycling methods aim towards recovering carbon fibers. This review examines the three main recycling methods, their processes, and particularities, as well as the reuse of recycled carbon fibers in the manufacture of new composite materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

et al. 2021

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“…However, composite materials are designed to withstand high loads and complex fatigue for decades. For example, composite blades of wind turbines remain resistant to loads even after service time (20 -25 years) [22]. China remains one of the leaders in the onshore wind industry and the number of composite material used in the wind energy sector is only increasing.…”

Section: Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Fiber Composites Application and Recycling in Kazakhstan and Neighboring Countries

Meiirbekov

Amantayeva

Tokbolat

et al. 2021

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) has expanded in many industries due to superior properties compared to traditional materials. Nevertheless, their recycling is challenged by immature recycling market and poor legislative support. This study evaluates the application and disposal of CFRPs within the different industries in Kazakhstan. The study adopted a market-based analysis approach to understand the up-to-date levels of application of CFRPs across manufacturing, construction, aviation, and other relevant industries of Kazakhstan. The study also considered CFRP markets and associated recycling practices in neighboring countries such as China and Russia which have a significant impact on Kazakhstan in terms of import and export of materials and waste. The research findings indicate that the application of CFRPs varies among industries, construction being the most prominent, however, their recycling is not as organized as in other waste types such as plastic, metals, etc. Russia and China will be generating thousands of tonnes of CFRP waste originating from the wind turbine and aviation sectors in future, from which Kazakhstan may also see some benefits. The findings of the study are deemed to be useful for the government of Kazakhstan and waste recycling associated stakeholders for future considerations.

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“…However, the WTBs consist of different materials and elements: the complex fibre composites with multilayer structures bonded by an adhesive. Separating such materials is an extremely difficult task [17,18]. The study conducted in Sweden shows that significant waste amounts of WTBs will arise in the future [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Usefulness and Limitations of Ultrasonic Lamb Waves in Preventing the Failure of the Wind Turbine Blades

et al. 2022

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The Lamb waves are named one of the promising solutions for future wind turbine blade (WTB) failure prevention. The compliance with safety assurance of WTBs by detecting structural changes during the manufacture and performing their monitoring during the service life are effective tools for environmental sustainability. This work presents the basic characteristics of Lamb waves and highlights two main unusual limitations—the dispersion and an infinite number of modes—as a great challenge that complicates the application of such waves. This requires the investigation and development of new signal processing methods (SPMs) for conducting accuracy assessments according to the requirements of ISO 17025. The general principles for the accuracy assessment of the signal processing methods applied to evaluate the dispersion of Lamb waves are presented here, and a suitable procedure for estimation of errors and uncertainties is proposed. These should facilitate the verification analysis of any signal processing method used for the dispersion evaluation of Lamb waves. This information allows determining parameters that define the measurement reliability and facilitates the application and utilisation of the proposed methods and their choice. Moreover, it is a necessary prerequisite for setting reliable testing, inspecting, and monitoring standards for WTBs certification.

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Sustainable End-of-Life Management of Wind Turbine Blades: Overview of Current and Coming Solutions

Cited by 86 publications

References 113 publications

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

Recent Progress in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Recycling: A Review of Recycling Methods and Reuse of Carbon Fibers

Carbon Fiber Composites Application and Recycling in Kazakhstan and Neighboring Countries

The Usefulness and Limitations of Ultrasonic Lamb Waves in Preventing the Failure of the Wind Turbine Blades

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