Sustainable biocarbon reinforced nylon 6/polypropylene compatibilized blends: Effect of particle size and morphology on performance of the biocomposites

Codou, Amandine; Misra, Manjusri; Mohanty, Amar K.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.05.018

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In fact, Nagarajan et al determined that impact strength was greatest for samples with biocarbon sized between 20-75 μm 36 . The smaller biocarbon particles used in biocomposites will result in larger specific surface area and increased impact strength 37 . This is a direct result of improved stress transfer within the composite material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a direct result of improved stress transfer within the composite material. Furthermore, research has found that smaller sized biocarbon (ball milled for longer duration) reduces the coefficient of linear thermal expansion 37 . This is a very important quality when implementing biocarbon biocomposites into industry and the injection molded samples need to maintain dimensional accuracy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biocarbon in this work was only ball milled for 1 hr. In works completed by Codou et al, samples of biocarbon were milled for 24 hr, and thus resulted in better strength properties 37 . Longer duration of ball milling and possible surface modifications for the PH biocarbon or another method of size reduction could be done in future works to improve the mechanical performance of the biocomposites.…”

Section: Conductivity the Electrical Conductivity Of Ph Biocarbon Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Picard

Thakur

Misra

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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There are millions of tons of post-food processing residues discarded annually. Currently, these waste materials are discarded to landfill, used as animal feed or incinerated. This suggests that there are potential uses for these materials in value-added applications. This work focuses on the characterization and valorization of peanut hulls through the generation of green composites. Peanut hulls were pyrolyzed at 500 °C and analyzed to discover their unique surface morphology and relatively low ash content. Raman spectral analysis determined I D /i G values of 0.74 for the samples, suggesting greater graphitic content than disordered carbon content. Such results were confirmed in X-ray diffraction analysis by the presence of (002) and (100) planes. Partially biobased engineering thermoplastic, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), was combined with 20 wt.% biocarbon. The tensile and flexural moduli improved with the addition of biocarbon, and the bio-content increased from 35 to 48 wt.% as compared to neat PTT. The higher temperature biocarbon was found to have superior performance over the lower temperature sample. The enhanced sustainability of these materials suggested that peanut hulls can be valorized via thermochemical conversion to generate value-added products. Future works could focus on the optimization of these materials for non-structural automotive components or electrical housings. Biomass is generated from a number of biological sources, including waste from the agricultural industry, as well as beverage and food processing industries. There have been substantial amounts of work to valorize these materials 1 by extracting compounds 2 , repurposing for value-added products 3 or burning as energy sources 4. Peanut hulls are an abundantly available, low-cost and sustainable biomass. PHs are the outer shell which encompasses the nut (Fig. 1a). The largest global producers of peanuts are displayed in Fig. 1b, however, they are grown in many other areas around the world. It was estimated in 2017 that there were 45 million metric tons of peanuts produced worldwide 5. Since PHs comprise 21-29% of overall peanut weight 6 , at least 9.4 million metric tonnes were produced in 2017. This study takes a comprehensive look at biomass generated from PHs that were grown in southern Ontario (Canada). PHs consist of four major structural components. These four layers are the pericarp, exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp arranged in order of outermost to innermost layers (Fig. 1a) 7. Together, these layers contain different ratios of cellulosic materials such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as small amounts of protein and pectin 8. Peanut hull biomass is abundantly available and to date has had limited use in value-added products. In fact, the PHs generated in Ontario are spread back on the fields after completion of the harvest season. On the global scale, this biomass is readily available in large quantities, obtained at a relatively low cost and is renewed each year. Further examination of current us...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conductivity the Electrical Conductivity Of Ph Biocarbon Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Picard

Thakur

Misra

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It is worth noting that in the case of the POM BC20% composite structure, it is difficult to clearly distinguish the structure of biocarbon particles, which can confirm the high level of adhesion on the BC-POM interface. An important factor determining this type of behavior is the high level of fragmentation of the BC particles that were milled for 24 h. In the case of many previous studies, a large fraction of BC was also used, where the average particle size exceeded 100 μm [11,31,82,83]. For this kind of composite, the microscopic observations allowed for clear separation of the porous structure of the BC filler.…”

Section: Structure Evaluation-scanning Electron Microscopy Observatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, BC has a much lower density than mineral fillers, which in real applications may translate into a lower weight of manufactured products. This was already proved for several types of polymers such as polypropylene [25][26][27][28][29], nylon [30][31][32] or polyesters [33][34][35]. The use of biocarbon in the plastics processing industry is currently one of the new development directions for composites reinforced with natural fillers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Influence of the Hybridization Process on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyoxymethylene (POM) Composites with the Use of a Novel Sustainable Reinforcing System Based on Biocarbon and Basalt Fiber (BC/BF)

et al. 2020

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The presented work focuses on the assessment of the material performance of polyoxymethylene (POM)-based composites reinforced with the use of a biocarbon/basalt fiber system (BC/BF). The use of BC particles was aimed at eliminating mineral fillers (chalk, talc) by using fully biobased material, while basalt fibers can be considered an alternative to glass fibers (GF). All materials were prepared with the same 20% filler content, the differences concerned the (BC/BF) % ratio. Hybrid samples with (25/75), (50/50), and (75/25) ratios were prepared. Additionally, reference samples were also prepared (POM BC20% and POM BF20%.). Samples prepared by the injection molding technique were subjected to a detailed analysis of mechanical properties (static tensile and Charpy impact tests), thermomechanical characteristics (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis—DMTA, heat deflection temperature - HDT), and thermal and rheological properties (DSC, rotational rheometer tests). In order to assess fiber distribution within the material structure, the samples were scanned by a microtomography method (μCT). The addition of even a significant amount of BC particles did not cause excessive material brittleness, while the elongation and impact strength of all hybrid samples were very similar to the reference POM BF20% sample. The tensile modulus and strength values appear to be strictly dependent on the increasing BF fiber content. Thermomechanical analysis (DMTA, HDT) showed very similar heat resistance for all hybrid samples; the results did not differ from the values for the POM BF20 sample.

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Impact of renewable carbon on the properties of composites made by using three types of polymers having different polarity

Rodriguez‐Uribe

Snowdon

Abdelwahab

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pine wood derived biocarbon (BioC) is investigated as a renewable alternative to carbon black (CB) for plastics and composites applications. Three different polymers with different polarity were used to prepare the composites: polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyamide 6 (PA6). Comparatively, CB had a nodule size of $300 nm and surface area of 8 m 2 /g, whereas BioC showed an average particle size of $950 nm and surface area of $260 m 2 /g, respectively. CB, in the composites, was found in large aggregations in the flow direction (FD), while BioC particles showed a better dispersion. Aggregation of CB affected mostly the mechanical strength of the composites. Furthermore, it was found that the overall performance of composites was influenced more by the polarity of the phases, rather than the particle size or the surface area of the fillers. Even when the polarity of the particles had an expected trend (PA6 > PLA > PP with BioC > CB), the work of cohesion obtained for the composites was PA6-BioC > PP-BioC > PLA-BioC, showing, in particular, that the chain-to-chain intermolecular forces in neat PLA are stronger as compared to those developed by the particle-matrix interactions.

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Sustainable biocarbon reinforced nylon 6/polypropylene compatibilized blends: Effect of particle size and morphology on performance of the biocomposites

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

The Influence of the Hybridization Process on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyoxymethylene (POM) Composites with the Use of a Novel Sustainable Reinforcing System Based on Biocarbon and Basalt Fiber (BC/BF)

Impact of renewable carbon on the properties of composites made by using three types of polymers having different polarity

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