Sustainable biocarbon as an alternative of traditional fillers for poly(butylene terephthalate)‐based composites: Thermo‐oxidative aging and durability

Chang, Boon Peng; Mohanty, Amar K.; Misra, Manjusri

doi:10.1002/app.47722

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…10b). The decrease in mechanical performance of the biocarbon can be attributed to the particle size and surface functionalities of the biocarbon, as well as to the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and filler 64,65 . The biocarbon used in this experiment was relatively large as compared to mineral fillers 63 or other reported uses of biocarbon in composites 36 .…”

Section: Conductivity the Electrical Conductivity Of Ph Biocarbon Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benefits and feasibility of biocarbon. Biocarbon produced from PHs, is more sustainable in comparison to traditional inorganic fillers 64 . There is also a reduction in density of PH biocarbon as compared to traditional fillers, suggesting their replacements with a biobased and sustainable alternative 64 .…”

Section: Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biocarbon produced from PHs, is more sustainable in comparison to traditional inorganic fillers 64 . There is also a reduction in density of PH biocarbon as compared to traditional fillers, suggesting their replacements with a biobased and sustainable alternative 64 . The composites may be used in the automotive sector and electronic industries where light-weighting and improved sustainability are essential for implementation of new materials.…”

Section: Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Picard

Thakur

Misra

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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There are millions of tons of post-food processing residues discarded annually. Currently, these waste materials are discarded to landfill, used as animal feed or incinerated. This suggests that there are potential uses for these materials in value-added applications. This work focuses on the characterization and valorization of peanut hulls through the generation of green composites. Peanut hulls were pyrolyzed at 500 °C and analyzed to discover their unique surface morphology and relatively low ash content. Raman spectral analysis determined I D /i G values of 0.74 for the samples, suggesting greater graphitic content than disordered carbon content. Such results were confirmed in X-ray diffraction analysis by the presence of (002) and (100) planes. Partially biobased engineering thermoplastic, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), was combined with 20 wt.% biocarbon. The tensile and flexural moduli improved with the addition of biocarbon, and the bio-content increased from 35 to 48 wt.% as compared to neat PTT. The higher temperature biocarbon was found to have superior performance over the lower temperature sample. The enhanced sustainability of these materials suggested that peanut hulls can be valorized via thermochemical conversion to generate value-added products. Future works could focus on the optimization of these materials for non-structural automotive components or electrical housings. Biomass is generated from a number of biological sources, including waste from the agricultural industry, as well as beverage and food processing industries. There have been substantial amounts of work to valorize these materials 1 by extracting compounds 2 , repurposing for value-added products 3 or burning as energy sources 4. Peanut hulls are an abundantly available, low-cost and sustainable biomass. PHs are the outer shell which encompasses the nut (Fig. 1a). The largest global producers of peanuts are displayed in Fig. 1b, however, they are grown in many other areas around the world. It was estimated in 2017 that there were 45 million metric tons of peanuts produced worldwide 5. Since PHs comprise 21-29% of overall peanut weight 6 , at least 9.4 million metric tonnes were produced in 2017. This study takes a comprehensive look at biomass generated from PHs that were grown in southern Ontario (Canada). PHs consist of four major structural components. These four layers are the pericarp, exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp arranged in order of outermost to innermost layers (Fig. 1a) 7. Together, these layers contain different ratios of cellulosic materials such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as small amounts of protein and pectin 8. Peanut hull biomass is abundantly available and to date has had limited use in value-added products. In fact, the PHs generated in Ontario are spread back on the fields after completion of the harvest season. On the global scale, this biomass is readily available in large quantities, obtained at a relatively low cost and is renewed each year. Further examination of current us...

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Section: Conductivity the Electrical Conductivity Of Ph Biocarbon Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Picard

Thakur

Misra

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…This helped to improve overall performance and significantly increased the modulus. The GF composites, in Figure (c) and Supporting Information Figure S5(a,c), displayed very good wettability due to the surface treatment of the GF as detailed by the manufacturer . There was no apparent surface damage, which gave the material excellent mechanical and thermal properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerated hydrothermal aging for 20 wt% biocarbon‐filled PA 6 composites was investigated in comparison to unfilled and talc‐filled PA 6. Another study by Chang et al . studied the durability of poly(butylene terephthalate)‐biocarbon biocomposites, as compared to conventional fillers (talc and GF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison in composite performance after thermooxidative aging of injection molded polyamide 6 with glass fiber, talc, and a sustainable biocarbon filler

Jubinville

Abdelwahab

Mohanty

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Degradation is an unavoidable part of a material's life making it important to both monitor and control the aging behavior of plastics. This study compares thermooxidative degraded composites of a novel bio-based and sustainable filler, Biocarbon (MBc), against that of traditional and commercially available fillers (glass fiber and talc) used in the automotive industry. The influence of thermooxidative degradation on the composites was studied under accelerated heat aging for 1000 h at 140 C. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated using notched Izod impact as well as both tensile and flexural tests. Morphological structure of the composites was investigated using a scanning electron microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to evaluate the physical transitions both before and after aging. The glass-filled composites displayed the best performance; while, both the talc and biocarbon composites possessed similar strength and ductility performances. Advantageously, the biocarbon composites experienced an 11% reduction in density as compared to talc-filled composites with similar weight content. After aging, all composites exhibited reduced tensile and flexural strengths ranging from 5 to 67% partly due to chain scission. Whereas, the modulus of all composites increased with a range of 1-24% due to an annealing effect.

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Mechanical, thermal, tribological, and flammability properties of polybutylene terephthalate composites: Comparing the effects of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers, natural wollastonite, and graphene oxide

Chan

Wong

Hassan

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) composites were prepared with 1.0 phr synthetic wollastonite nanofibers (SWN), natural wollastonite (NW) and graphene oxide (GO) to study the effect of different fillers on mechanical, thermal, tribological, and flammability properties. The properties of PBT composites are related to the size, structure, and interfacial adhesion of the fillers in PBT matrix. PBT/SWN demonstrated the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus (6% and 9% increment), followed by PBT/NW (1.3% and 7% increment) and PBT/GO (2% decrement and 4% increment). PBT/SWN gave the highest degradation temperature (409 C), followed by PBT/GO (404.7 C). The maximum enhancement in wear resistance (73%) by PBT/SWN and anti-friction performance (26%) by PBT/GO evinced the excellent load-bearing ability of SWN and the great lubricating effect of GO. PBT/NW had the lowest peak heat release rate, smoke, and carbon dioxide production rate. This study shows that PBT composites have great potential in different automotive applications.

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Sustainable biocarbon as an alternative of traditional fillers for poly(butylene terephthalate)‐based composites: Thermo‐oxidative aging and durability

Cited by 29 publications

References 62 publications

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Comparison in composite performance after thermooxidative aging of injection molded polyamide 6 with glass fiber, talc, and a sustainable biocarbon filler

Mechanical, thermal, tribological, and flammability properties of polybutylene terephthalate composites: Comparing the effects of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers, natural wollastonite, and graphene oxide

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