Sustainable Approaches to Selective Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts: A Review

Abstract

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as a triply catalytic product is a value-added refining chemical in industry production. 5-HMF as biomass feedstock enables to be transformed into other high-value industrial compounds, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). Hence, catalytic conversion of biomass into 5-HMF has been given much more attention by chemists. In this review, some latest studies about the conversion of cellulose to 5-HMF have been introduced systematically. Solid acids such as heterogeneous catalysts have been widely applied in the conversion of cellulose into 5-HMF. Therefore, some novel solid acids with Brønsted and/or Lewis acidic sites, such as sulfonated solid acids, carbon-based acids, and zeolite particles employed for biomass conversions are listed.

Advancements in Hybrid Cellulose-Based Films: Innovations and Applications in 2D Nano-Delivery Systems

“…3D Bioprinting with Cellulose-Based Biomaterials Ink: Biomaterial ink derived from cellulose and used in 3D bioprinting has diverse applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, protein study, and the immobilization of microalgae, bacteria, and cells [155][156][157].…”

Nanoparticles for the synthesis of bio‐based chemical 5‐Hydroxymethyl furfural from agricultural waste and biomass‐derived carbohydrates‐A review

“…According to this study, the yield using the above-mentioned catalyst, from maltose and cellobiose were 14.63 wt% and 14.21 wt%, respectively. 60 In some studies, it is shown that Zr-containing organicinorganic nano hybrid catalysts give high yield of HMF. Hu L et al used a nano hybrid catalyst (Zr-DTPA) from which 98.7% HMF conversion could be achieved at 140 °C in 4 h. The catalyst could be easily separated by filtration.…”

A Review on Green and Efficient Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) from Sustainable Biomass

“…Mainly, carbon-based acids with novel frameworks, sulfonated solid acid catalysts, and zeolite catalysts have proved to be selective for HMF synthesis from cellulose. 25 Ionic liquids provide promising option to catalyze sugars into HMF, making the reaction green and minimizing the byproducts. They could be used as solvent and catalyst in the reaction, reducing the separation load after the reaction.…”

“…Cellulose obtained from biomass can be effectively converted into HMF using solid acid as heterogeneous catalysts. Mainly, carbon-based acids with novel frameworks, sulfonated solid acid catalysts, and zeolite catalysts have proved to be selective for HMF synthesis from cellulose …”