Nanoparticles for the synthesis of bio‐based chemical 5‐Hydroxymethyl furfural from agricultural waste and biomass‐derived carbohydrates‐A review

Abstract

The need for 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has garnered significant attention due to its versatile application in the chemical industry as a precursor for biofuels, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. This abstract summarizes a complete review on the synthesis of HMF using heterogeneous catalyst from agriculture waste and various biomass‐derived carbohydrates, focusing on their efficiency, selectivity and industrial feasibility. This review systematically outlines the diverse classes of heterogeneous catalyst employed in HMF production, including Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) where the discussion highlights their catalytic mechanisms and intrinsic properties that influence HMF yield, selectivity, stability and reusability. In addition, the impact of reaction parameters such as temperature, pressures, solvents, feedstock's composition and catalyst morphology on HMF synthesis has been assessed. This review consolidates the current state‐ methodologies in the synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethyl furfural using various heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.