Sustainability Potential Evaluation of Concrete with Steel Slag Aggregates by the LCA Method

Václavík, Vojtěch; Ondová, Marcela; Dvorský, Tomáš; Estokova, Adriana; Fabianová, Martina; Gola, Lukáš

doi:10.3390/su12239873

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…One cubic meter of designed paste with compressive strength of about 60 MPa is considered a functional unit, so material and emission flow related to its production can be included in the scope of the analysis. The emission data and consumed energy necessary for the inventory were compiled from the literature review [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], theoretical estimations, and Ecoinvent database v3.4 by using SimaPro SW 9.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Environmental Analysis of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on Waste Bricks and Blast Furnace Slag

et al. 2023

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The rationalization of material flows, together with the utilization of waste raw materials for the production of alternative binders, became a very attractive topic during the last decades. However, the majority of designed materials can be used as a replacement for low-performance products. In this work, the waste materials (brick powder and blast furnace slag) are valorized through geopolymerization to design high-performance material as an alternative to high-performance concrete. Designed mixtures activated by sodium silicate and waste-originated alkali solution are characterized by the meaning of the chemical and mineralogical composition, evolution of hydration heat, and mechanical strength test. To contribute to the understanding of the environmental consequences and potential benefits, the carbon footprint and embodied energy analysis are provided. Obtained results highlight the potential of end-of-life bricks for the design of high-performance composites if mixed together with more reactive precursors. Here, even values over 60 MPa in compressive strength can be achieved with the dominant share of low-amorphous brick powder. The higher crystalline portion of brick powder may lead to the reduction of drying shrinkage and preservation of flexural strength to a greater extent compared to used slag. Performed environmental analysis confirmed the CO2 emission savings; however, the embodied energy analysis revealed a huge impact of using alkaline activators.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Environmental Analysis of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on Waste Bricks and Blast Furnace Slag

et al. 2023

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“…Václavík et al replaced natural aggregates with steel slag in cement concrete and investigated associated environmental impacts using an LCA. The results showed that steel slag aggregate can diminish 7% of environmental burdens [24]. Anastasiou et al considered the sustainability of utilizing industrial by-products (fly ash and steel slag) in cement mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction Procedures and Associated Environmental Impacts Analysis for Application of Steel Slag in Road Base Layer

et al. 2021

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In recent years, recycling steel slag is receiving growing interest in the road base layer construction field due to its role in alleviating land occupation and resource shortages. However, the mixture compaction and its environmental impact on practical construction sites remain unclear, which may hinder the application of steel slags in road layers. This study investigates the pavement construction of the ‘Baotou-Maoming’ motorway, located in Inner Mongolia, China, analyzing the compaction procedures and assessing the environmental impacts caused by the road base layer containing steel slag. Firstly, mechanical properties and texture appearances of the steel slag aggregates are characterized. Afterwards, the comparative assessments for steel slag and andesite layers compaction are quantified from equivalent CO2 emission and energy consumption aspects, respectively. The results show that the steel slag has a better surface texture than the natural aggregates; physical properties including compactness, flatness and compressive strength comply with the requirements for applying steel slag to a hydraulically bound mixture. Compared to the base layer using andesite aggregates, the compaction vibration period of the course containing steel slags should be reduced to achieve a proper density due to the “hard-to-hard” effect that occurs between the adjacent steel slag particles. Consequently, the additional energy and the equivalent CO2 are generated at 2.67 MJ/m3 and 0.20 kg/m3, respectively.

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“…It is widely accepted that the use of the coarse fraction of EAFS can produce hydraulic concrete with adequate mechanical [18] and durability properties [19], increasing the sustainability of the resulting product [20]. The use of the fine fraction without any fine natural aggregate is also suitable for concretes that do not require high workability, due to the scarcity of fine particles in EAFS [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Validation of Steel Slag-Aggregate Concrete for Rigid Pavements: A Full-Scale Study

et al. 2021

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The high wear resistance and toughness of electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) means that this industrial by-product can successfully replace natural aggregate in hydraulic or bituminous concretes that withstand vehicle traffic. This article validates the use of concrete made with large amounts of EAFS for rigid pavements. Accordingly, three EAFS–concrete mixes made with metallic or synthetic fibers were designed. Their performance was studied through laboratory tests (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, and abrasion resistance) and field observations on full-scale slabs made with each of the studied mixes. All mechanical properties yielded adequate results for concrete for rigid pavements. The metallic fibers increased the strength and elastic stiffness by 7–10%, while the addition of synthetic fibers slowed the development of these properties over time. On the other hand, all the mixes allowed for a successful implementation of full-scale slabs, with none of them showing excessive deterioration after five years of exposure to the outdoor environment. Only minor cracking and some chips in the surface-treatment layer were detected. The strength development of the slabs and their slipperiness were adequate for use in high-speed pavements. The overall analysis of the results shows that concrete made with EAFS can be used in real rigid pavements.

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Sustainability Potential Evaluation of Concrete with Steel Slag Aggregates by the LCA Method

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Experimental and Environmental Analysis of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on Waste Bricks and Blast Furnace Slag

Experimental and Environmental Analysis of High-Strength Geopolymer Based on Waste Bricks and Blast Furnace Slag

Compaction Procedures and Associated Environmental Impacts Analysis for Application of Steel Slag in Road Base Layer

Preliminary Validation of Steel Slag-Aggregate Concrete for Rigid Pavements: A Full-Scale Study

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