Sustainability of a non-edible vegetable oil based bio-lubricant for automotive applications: A review

Singh, Yashvir; Farooq, Abid; Raza, Ahmed; Mahmood, Muhammad Arif; Jain, Shekhar

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2017.08.041

Cited by 156 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This index classifies the study area into rocky terrain (majorly in the northeastern and northwestern parts) and southwestern side of urbanized study area (shown with middle values, dark colors) which are not suitable soil for the plantation. Jatropha Curcas favors well-drained aerated sandy, gravelly and loamy soils 22 . It is unable to grow on some varieties of clay due to their poor permeability which preclude water content to reach the Jatropha Curcas roots.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS- Based Screening Model of Coastal City Karachi for Plantation of Biofuel Source

Khan

Hasan

2020

Sci Rep

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Geospatial techniques are mediating in decision making, diversified data management and critical analysis. Jatropha curcas. is a biodiesel crop and friendly to the regions of saline water environment. this study focuses to map the suitable plantation sites for biodiesel energy crop by using meteorological parameters and satellite imageries of ASTER GDEM and Landsat 8. The thematic layers of soil adjacent to existing vegetation, topographical elevation, slope, land surface temperature, and humidity are created and analyzed with soil types, bareness index and stream orders. Suitability of sites for plantation is a function of these variables which are found to be favorable in the study area. it should be taken into consideration that Jatropha curcas plantation in Karachi which may contribute in local economic prosperity and support in maintaining heat-sink for the industrialized city.In recent past, the scientific research intensified on alternate energy resources and sustainable environment. Wide-scale use of fossil fuels in power generation, transportation, industrial units and other sectors are adding excessive pressure on economy and raising geo-environmental problems such as depleting fossil energy resources, engendering imbalance in subsurface masses, greenhouse effect aggravating global warming and ultimately contributing to climate change 1 . As the world struggled to address these issues, biofuels energy flash in the sustainable plans for imminent generations. Global warming can possibly be reduced by adopting bioenergy resources as renewable energy alternatives 2 . According to International Energy Agency (IEA), in the year 2009, the global liquid biofuel production reached up to 83 billion liters which pertains to 1.5 percent of the total fuel used in the transportation sector 3 . Jatropha Curcas is an unconventional, biodiesel seed plant (second generation biofuel plant) which has been getting attention due the richness of non-edible oil content (about 35 to 48 percent) 4,5 . Jatropha Curcas is a renewable energy plant and friendly to the region of saline water environment 6,7 like the coastal city Karachi. Due to the steady increase in population, infrastructure, industrial developments and life-style standards, it is apparent that the demand for energy will further increase in the future. The increasing level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere of mega-cities might be culminated by utilization of ecofriendly fuel. The major cities of Pakistan emit 0.43% of the world's total GHG emissions 4 , in which significant contribution comes from the populous city Karachi 8 . The alternate energy products like Jatropha Curcas production considerably reduced the greenhouse gas emission (68-89%) and saved energy (65-90%

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS- Based Screening Model of Coastal City Karachi for Plantation of Biofuel Source

Khan

Hasan

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Lubricants oil is become crucial to the modern society not only it is widely used to lubricate engine parts but also has been used broadly in industrial purposes, including agricultural and mining industries (Ssempebwa and Carpenter, 2009). Lubricating oils which come from the vehicles and engines are the largest sources for used oil in many developing countries, whereas small amount of lubricating oils are produced from hydraulic systems and minor industrial applications (Singh, Farooq, Raza, Mahmood, & Jain, 2017). The amount of used oil from the vehicles and combustion engines rise rapidly due to the increase number of vehicles in the developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Toxicity Concentration of Waste Lubricating Oil (Hazardous Noxious Substances) on Aquatic Life

Abdullah¹,

Aluwi²,

Park³

et al. 2018

IJET

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This lab scale study aims to investigate the effect of different concentration of waste lubricating oil on the African catfish juveniles, Clarias gariepinus. Five different concentrations of waste lubricating oil were used for 96 hours period which are 0 ml/L, 5 ml/L, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/l, and 20 ml/L. After 96 hours of experiment, tank 4 which being added with 20 mL waste lubricating oil shows the highest percentage of fish mortality (100%) followed by tank 3 (95%), and tank 2 (76%) while the lowest percentage of mortality is recorded in tank 1 (19%). The result from the toxicity test showed that the higher the concentration of waste lubricating oil, the higher the mortality rate of fish. The lethal concentration LC50 that caused 50% mortality of test fish was estimated at 8.1 ml/L. From the observation, waste lubricating oil which contains heavy metals had cause damage to renal and nervous system of fishes thus causing them to lost equilibrium and irregular vertical swimming that will finally cause death. It can be concluded that the harmful environment that will trigger death of fish will be created by indiscriminate discharge of waste oil into water bodies. Therefore, it is recommended to treat the wastewaters, sewage and industrial wastes before it is being discharged into the aquatic ecosystems to sustain the aquatic species for the future. The proper effluent treatment technology should be adopted to check the present of oil spillage in the water. The enforcement of laws and legislations related to the protection of aquatic environment must be enhance and take into considerations.

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“…O objetivo de múltiplas pesquisas ao redor do mundo tem tentado melhorar a compatibilidade ambiental, a confiabilidade e a eficiência energética dos processos relacionados ao setor automotivo (SINGH et al, 2017). O avanço em soluções tecnológicas como o uso de materiais de origem natural, a redução das emissões gasosas dos produtos de combustão e em geral as alternativas para a substituição dos produtos provenientes da indústria petroquímica, são algumas das soluções sugeridas para a diminuição dos problemas ambientais gerados por veículos e máquinas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Em 2004, 37.4 milhões de toneladas de lubrificantes foram consumidos, sendo a maior contribuição dos lubrificantes automotivos com 53%, lubrificantes industriais com 32%, óleos de processamento 10% e óleos marinhos 5%. Em 2007, o consumo aumentou para 41.8 milhões de toneladas de lubrificantes e a demanda mundial tem continuado aumentar em 2,0% por ano, sendo previsto alcançar 45.4 milhões de toneladas em 2019 (SINGH et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Os biocombustíveis têm sido aceitos no mundo inteiro devido a suas vantagens em relação aos combustíveis petroquímicos, similar comportamento é esperado para os biolubrificantes, que podem ser considerados como uma alternativa aos óleos minerais devido às suas propriedades de lubrificação natural e biodegradabilidade, assim como maior ponto de inflamação, menor volatilidade e maior índice de viscosidade. Por exemplo, o índice de viscosidade para o óleo vegetal não comestível é de aproximadamente 220 e, para a maioria dos óleos minerais, está na faixa de 90-100 (SINGH et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Produção de ésteres alquílicos com potencial lubrificante por transesterificação enzimática do óleo de palmiste e álcoois superiores

Sanchez¹

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, pela orientação, para desenvolvimento e finalização deste trabalho. Só tenho de agradecer pela sua excelente orientação, a oportunidade de fazer parte de um grande grupo de pesquisa. Sou muito grata pela amizade, dedicação, conselhos, disponibilidade. Levarei comigo sempre os quatro anos de grande aprendizado, discussão científica, lições de vida, serão de grande exemplo e importância pelo que venha daqui na frente. Ao Prof. Dr. Pedro Carlos de Oliveira, pela amizade e ajuda. Obrigada pela oportunidade de aprender da sua experiência. Ao Prof. Dr Júlio César dos Santos, pelos ensinamentos e a amizade, você é um grande exemplo de vida. Aos professores da EEL-USP, pela sua colaboração para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, à Prof a. Dr a Jayne e Prof. Dr. Aaron por toda a ajuda com o RMN, as discussões cientificas, a química orgânica e as caronas os domingos. Prof. Dr. Biaggio, pelo apoio na síntese dos ésteres via química e a Prof a. Dr a Rita pelas aulas de cromatografia e a sua disposição para resolver as minhas dúvidas. À minha mãe Gloria e meu pai Arturo, meu agradecimento infinito por todo o que sempre fazem por mim, pelo seu exemplo, apoio e esforço. Sem vocês este sonho não poderia ter sido possível. Às minhas irmãs Carolina e Estefany, pela torcida e apoio sempre. À minha sobrinha fonte de motivação e de alegria, motor de vida, fonte e maior amor do planeta. Ao Afonso, obrigada pela companhia, o carinho, por me aguentar, ajudar e fortalecer no meu último ano e meio de doutorado. Agora você também é parte da minha família. À minha família toda, em especial aos meus avos Stella e Gilberto. E aos que me cuidam desde o céu e que tenho certeza estariam muito orgulhosos de mim Corina e Néstor.

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Sustainability of a non-edible vegetable oil based bio-lubricant for automotive applications: A review

Cited by 156 publications

References 72 publications

GIS- Based Screening Model of Coastal City Karachi for Plantation of Biofuel Source

GIS- Based Screening Model of Coastal City Karachi for Plantation of Biofuel Source

Effect of Toxicity Concentration of Waste Lubricating Oil (Hazardous Noxious Substances) on Aquatic Life

Produção de ésteres alquílicos com potencial lubrificante por transesterificação enzimática do óleo de palmiste e álcoois superiores

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