“…Heeks and Bhatnagar (1999) proposed the Design-Reality Gap model with the following ten Critical Success Factors (CSFs): information, technical, process, people, management, culture, structure, strategy, politics, and environment. The model takes stakeholders and participation into account, and is able to highlight the main causes of success or failure of an ICT4D initiative, but only for a specific point in time (Best & Kumar, 2008). In response to this limitation Kumar and Best (2006) designed a sustainability failure model built on the Design-Reality Gap model to look specifically at the long-term sustainability of an initiative.…”