Why should we tolerate a diet of weak poisons, a home in insipid surroundings, a circle of acquaintances who are not quite our enemies, the noise of motors with just enough relief to prevent insanity? Who would want to live in a world which is just not quite fatal? " -Rachel Carson (1962), Silent SpringThe focus of institutional theory is directed towards an understanding of situations such as those depicted in Rachel Carson's quote abovesituations where context is strong andbinding, yet subtly experienced; where agency is often diffuse, embodied in an arrangement or system of actors rather than in an individual; and where action and inaction both matter, if in often unpredictable ways. One area in which these phenomena are notably pronounced is research in the area of the interaction between institutional systems and the workings of the natural environment; the ways in which human societies both understand their interface with that environment, and the ways in which the actions of one impact the other. In this chapter, we offer an overview of that domain of research, tracing the evolution of efforts at combining the two since its beginnings in the early 1990s, when the Greening of Industry Network initiated its environmental management research collection (1989), the Organizations and the Natural Environment special interest group of the Academy of Management was formed (1994), and the seminal Special Issue on environmental management was published in the Academy of Management Review (1995).As in our other recent work (Hoffman and Jennings, 2011;, we use prior reviews, a literature search, and our knowledge of the field to consider past and current work in Institutional Theory and the Natural Environment (ITNE). In this chapter, we structure that inquiry around the notion that fruitful research has come from tensionsindeed, at times, Advanced Learner Dictionary, 2012).It is just such tensions and paradoxes that expose issues around what constitutes a field and the nature of agency. More specifically, they expose questions around the degree to which an organizational field will be indexed and aligned with the natural ecosystems in which the organizations are embedded. This is a central element that has animated ITNE studies for decades, if not centuries. In fact, some of the key paradoxes in ITNE stretch back to the Naturwissenschaften versus Geisteswissenschaften debates of 19 th century German philosophy (Ermarth, 1981;Weber, 1919). These debates explored the extent to which humans apprehend the natural environment and generate scientific knowledge. In particular, one issue that has animated this line of inquiry is whether Verstehen (putting oneself in the other shoes), which is so fundamental for social science, has any equivalent in the natural sciences. This debate emerges in multiple forms, not least of which was Catton and Dunlap's (1980) New Ecological Paradigm, which called for a shift away from anthropocentric (human-centered) thinking to ecocentric (environment centered) thinking, where humans are one...