Sustainability assessment of national rural water supply program in Tanzania

Giné, Ricard; Foguet, Agustí Pérez

doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00213.x

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…While CBM schemes often appear sensible in many rural water management contexts, there are inherent technical, social and economic constraints that introduce additional complexity and often inhibit sustained water service provision. In this case, "technical" constraints generally relate to the community's ability to properly operate and repair the water system [17,18]; "economic" constraints refer to the capacity of the community to afford O & M costs [19,20]; and lastly, "social" constraints generally refer to such aspects as the perceived demand for services, community organization and community member satisfaction with the intervention [3,[21][22][23]. As a result of these frequently confounding constraints, many critics state communities inherently lack the necessary capacity to maintain their water systems without the help of the external support of governments or NGOs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Causal Loop Diagramming to Explore the Drivers of the Sustained Functionality of Rural Water Services in Timor-Leste

Neely

Walters

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:It is recognized that international water sector development work has issues with a lack of sustained positive outcomes. A large driver of this outcome is how NGOs work with communities to implement and then manage water services. Many NGOs tend to focus their efforts on improving their reach and organisational growth by continually engaging in new projects. This behaviour is largely driven by short-term donor funding models that reward extended coverage, leaving little focus on sustained outcomes. Similarly, community-based management (CBM) schemes often impede sustained services as a result of the community's limited capacity to operate and maintain the technology. To explore these complicated drivers on water service sustainability, we used causal loop diagramming to analyse the key aspect influencing the combined dynamics between NGOs, donors and CBM. We demonstrate this methodology through a study in Timor-Leste, where we gathered data necessary to develop and apply causal loop diagrams to analyse rural water supply program outcomes. The analysis of these diagrams allowed identification of leverage points used to suggest structural changes for sustained benefits of water services. These structural changes emphasize the importance of increased robustness and reliability of water technology and the associated impact this has on community satisfaction and, conjointly, on water service sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Causal Loop Diagramming to Explore the Drivers of the Sustained Functionality of Rural Water Services in Timor-Leste

Neely

Walters

2016

Sustainability

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“…Sources: Boesen (1986);Therkildsen (1988); Maganga et al (2002); URT (2008URT ( , 2010URT ( , 2011Cleaver & Toner (2006); Giné & Pérez-Foguet (2008);Jiménez & Pérez-Foguet (2010a); PMO-RALG, undated. *During the colonial era, 'native authority' referred to local council, which is equivalent to district level in the current local government structure.…”

Section: Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community management and sustainability of rural water facilities in Tanzania

2013

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This paper addresses the question of whether community management in water service delivery affects the sustainability of rural water facilities (RWFs) at village level, in terms of their technical and managerial aspects, and what role capacity building of users and providers plays in this process. Empirical research was conducted in nine villages in the districts of Kondoa and Mpwapwa, in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. The results reveal that sustainability of RWFs is in jeopardy and that villages far from the District Council headquarters experience numerous technical and management problems. The national water framework does not clearly define the roles of the key actors at the district, village and household levels. District Water Departments do not have enough resources to render the services needed adequately and in a timely manner. In all the villages studied there were no local technicians trained for basic operation and maintenance. This implies that the concept of community management cannot be taken at face value; its actual meaning needs to be specified in order to offer a realistic and feasible option in the decentralization of rural water provision. With regard to capacity development, we recommend establishing workshops for clusters of villages to repair breakdowns and coordinate spare parts.

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“…Therkildsen (1988) noted failed attempts in Africa to supply water in the 1960s and 1970s, and Thompson et al ( 2001) found in East Africa that mean water use had declined between 1960s to1990s due to reduced reliability of the piped water supply, as municipal water services could not maintain the infrastructure. As with our review of water resource infrastructure, at the beginning of this section, these failures mark the limits of engineering approaches, and responses have invariably highlighted a need for greater emphasis on economic, social and political aspects, such as the need for greater partnership with communities (Rietveld etal, 2008), management at the lowest appropriate level, community ownership of schemes, full cost recovery for operation and maintenance, recognizing key roles of women and inclusion of the poor (Gine and Perez-Foguet, 2008 We conclude, therefore, that while science and engineering lie at the heart of the ecological principle, and offer potential to deliver fresh impetus in adaptive behavior at a range of scales, these are unlikely to be successful in isolation from economic and political dimensions. This is illustrated by Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), a key application of the ecological principle.…”

Section: Technology and Adaptation To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation: Perspectives from a Century of Water Resources Development

Agnew

Woodhouse²

2010

Environment and Society

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Abstract:The Fourth Assessment the Inter-Government Panel on Climate change states "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal". The alarming environmental, social and economic consequences have been reinforced by the influential Stern report, calling for immediate action from individuals, institutions and governments. This paper identifies parallels between the problem of adaptive management presented by climate change and an earlier 'global water crisis', and explores how adaptive strategies have successively emphasized three different principles, based on 'science' (the ecological principle), economics (the instrument principle) and politics/institutions (the institutional principle). The paper argues that the close association between climate change and water resources development enables a comparative analysis to be made between the strategies that have been adopted for the latter over at least the last 100 years which informs our understanding of the challenges facing adaptations in the face of future global warming. It argues that the experience of water resource development suggests a strong interdependence between the three principles and argues that conceptualizing them as different dimensions of a single governance framework is necessary to meet the challenge of climate change adaptation.

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Sustainability assessment of national rural water supply program in Tanzania

Abstract: Sustainability of rural water supply programs in developing countries

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Using Causal Loop Diagramming to Explore the Drivers of the Sustained Functionality of Rural Water Services in Timor-Leste

Using Causal Loop Diagramming to Explore the Drivers of the Sustained Functionality of Rural Water Services in Timor-Leste

Community management and sustainability of rural water facilities in Tanzania

Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation: Perspectives from a Century of Water Resources Development

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