Suspended Sediment Filtration Capacity of Simulated Vegetation

Tollner, E. W.; Barfield, B. J.; Haan, C. T.; Kao, T. Y.

doi:10.13031/2013.36095

Cited by 92 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Tollner et al [47] estimated the settling rate of suspended sediments using the probabilistic concept of the particle fall number (N f ), which is the ratio of falling time of soil particles to traveling time along the flow direction of an element. To calculate the particle fall number, the runoff flow velocity (v; m s −1 ) and settling velocity of each particle size class (v s ; m s −1 ) are required.…”

Section: Gravitational Deposition Of Suspended Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations

Choi

Arnhold

Huwe

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:In this paper, we present the Daily based Morgan-Morgan-Finney model. The main processes in this model are based on the Morgan-Morgan-Finney soil erosion model, and it is suitable for estimating surface runoff and sediment redistribution patterns in seasonal climate regions with complex surface configurations. We achieved temporal flexibility by utilizing daily time steps, which is suitable for regions with concentrated seasonal rainfall. We introduce the proportion of impervious surface cover as a parameter to reflect its impacts on soil erosion through blocking water infiltration and protecting the soil from detachment. Also, several equations and sequences of sub-processes are modified from the previous model to better represent physical processes. From the sensitivity analysis using the Sobol' method, the DMMF model shows the rational response to the input parameters which is consistent with the result from the previous versions. To evaluate the model performance, we applied the model to two potato fields in South Korea that had complex surface configurations using plastic covered ridges at various temporal periods during the monsoon season. Our new model shows acceptable performance for runoff and the sediment loss estimation (NSE ≥ 0.63, |PBIAS| ≤ 17.00, and RSR ≤ 0.57). Our findings demonstrate that the DMMF model is able to predict the surface runoff and sediment redistribution patterns for cropland with complex surface configurations.

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Section: Gravitational Deposition Of Suspended Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the particle fall number of each particle size class, the rate of deposition of the sediments suspended in runoff (DEP) is estimated from the equation of Tollner et al [47], as below,…”

Section: Gravitational Deposition Of Suspended Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations

Choi

Arnhold

Huwe

et al. 2017

Water

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“…Factors other than width and sediment input that are important in dictating the efficiency of VBS for reducing sediments are micro-and macro-re lief, vegetation density and type which dictates hydraulic resistance, litter characteristics, soil characteristics (especially infiltration), particle size distribution of Lynch & Corbett, 1990Brazier & Brown, 1973 Karr &Schlosser, 1977 andGough, 1988) • Ran^e dependent on slope; see Karr & Schlosser, 1977. incoming sediments, subsurface drainage, slope, and temporal distribution of contributed sediment loads (Gough, 1988). Several management models for estimating sediment erosion have been suggested for specific conditions, and geographical locahons including those by Trimble & Sartz (1957), Haupt (1959), Tollner et al (1976), Foster (1982, Wong & McCuen (1981), Barton & Taylor (1985), and Barfield, Tollner & Hayes (1979). Despite the obvious complexity of the sedimentfiltering process, the results from numerous field studies, including those reviewed by Karr & Schlosser (1977), indicate that fairly narrow strips of riparian vegetation can reduce sediment input to surface water (Table 2).…”

Section: Sediment Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian vegetated buffer strips in water‐quality restoration and stream management

1993

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SUMMARY1. A review is presented of the literature on riparian vegetated buffCT strips (VBS) for use in stream-water-quality restoration and limitations associated with their use are discussed. The results are also presented of recent investigations on the effectiveness of a forested and a grass vegetated buffer strip for reducing shallow subsurface inputs of nutrients from agriculture to a stream in central Illinois, U.S.A. 2. Because riparian zones link the stream with its terrestrial catchment, they can modify, incorporate, dilute, or concentrate substances before they enter a lotic system. In small to mid-size streams forested riparian zones can moderate temperatures, reduce sediment inputs, provide important sources of organic matter, and stabilize stream banks. 3. Several questions on the utility and efficiency of vegetated buffer strips for stream restoration still remain unanswered, including: what types (grass v forest) are most efficient; do they become nutrient saturated; are they only temporary sinks; how does species composition influence effectiveness; and, what is the optimal width of buffer to facilitate nutrient reduction under different conditions? 4. Water samples were collected (1989-90) from lysimeters located at three depths (60, 120, and > 120 cm) in an upland area planted in conventional row crops (com and soybean) and in three adjacent riparian buffer treatments, a 39 m wide grass buffer, a 16 m wide mature forested buffer, and a buffer planted in row-crops to the stream bank. Concentrations of dissolved and total phosphorus and nitrate-N in each sample were determined following major precipitation events over a seventeen month period. 5. Both the forested and grass VBS reduced nitrate-N concentrations in shallow groundwater (up to 90% reduction). On an annual basis the forested VBS was more effective at reducing concentrations of nitrate-N than was the grass VBS, but was less efficient at retaining total and dissolved P. 6. During the dormant season, both grass and forested buffer strips released dissolved and total P to the groundwater. The VBS apparently acted as a nutrient sink for much of the year, but also released accumulated nutrients during the remaining portion of the year. Periodic harvesting of plant biomass may reduce the amount of P released during the dormant season. 7. VBSs are not as effective in agriculture areas with tile drained fields. Alternative restoration practices such as discharging drain tiles into wetlands constructed parallel to the stream channel may prove to be a more effective means of controlling non-point-source agricultural inputs of nutrients in such areas. 243244 L.L. Osborne and D.A. Kovacic

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“…These researchers found that VFS buffers can significantly improve water quality of runoff. Webber et al (2009) also found VFS buffers significantly reduced runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses from the central Iowa windrow composting research site used as a source of observed runoff volume data for this hydrologic modeling study.Hydrologic models have been used for over 30 years to simulate sediment and nutrient transport in surface runoff through various natural and simulated vegetation systems, including VFS buffers (Tollner et al 1976;Delgado et al 1992;Srivastava et al 1998). However, few reports exist regarding the use of hydrologic models for predicting runoff losses from windrow composting sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrologic modeling of runoff from a livestock manure windrow composting site with a fly ash pad surface and vegetative filter strip buffers

Webber¹,

Mickelson²,

Wulf³

et al. 2010

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Windrow composting of livestock manure materials provides a strategy for converting organic wastes into a recyclable soil fertility product that is less hazardous to the environment. Although outdoor windrow composting can produce runoff that is detrimental to surface water quality, vegetative filter strip (VFS) buffers were reported to significantly reduce runoff and contaminants from a windrow composting research site. To estimate the efficacy of VFS buffers and other best management practices on runoff from future windrow composting facilities, a computer hydrologic model may provide a valuable tool for predicting runoff losses from these proposed sites. This research evaluated a windrow composting/vegetative filter strip buffer (WCVFS) hydrologic model for estimating runoff volume losses from a livestock manure-based windrow composting site with a fly ash composting pad surface and VFS buffers. Runoff and physical attribute data from six rainfall events during 2002 to 2004 at a central Iowa windrow composting research site were used in the WCVFS model evaluation. Three rainfall events were designated as "wet" composting period events (2002 and 2003 seasons), and three were designated as "dry" composting period events (2004 season). Runoff data were comprised of average observed runoff volumes from three compost windrow area:VFS buffer area ratio treatments that included 1:1, 1:0.5 (large and small VFS buffer areas, respectively), and a 1:0 (no buffer) control. The WCVFS model performance was good to very good for the 2003 wet composting period model validation rainfall event with no significant differences among 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0 ratio treatments for simulated versus observed runoff volumes. In contrast, WCVFS model performance was unsatisfactory for the 2004 dry composting period validation event with significantly higher simulated runoff volume from the 1:0.5 ratio treatment versus observed runoff volumes. There were no significant differences for the 1:1 and 1:0 treatments. The WCVFS model effectively estimated 1:1, 1:0.5, and 1:0 treatment runoff volumes from the earlier wet composting period and 1:1 and 1:0 treatment runoff volumes from the later dry composting period rainfall events. However, the soils data-derived VFS buffer runoff and infiltration functions in the WCVFS model flow routing component may not have sufficiently accounted for some short-term hydrologic changes in VFS buffer soil and fly ash pad surfaces. This could have resulted in overestimation of dry composting period simulated runoff volume from the smaller 1:0.5 ratio VFS buffer area treatment. Consequently, the use of other alternatives to soils data-derived VFS buffer runoff and infiltration functions should be evaluated in future WCVFS model simulation trials to potentially improve runoff volume prediction accuracy. Abstract: Windrow composting of livestock manure materials provides a strategy for converting organic wastes into a recyclable soil fertility product that is less hazardous to the environment. Although outd...

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Suspended Sediment Filtration Capacity of Simulated Vegetation

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations

Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations

Riparian vegetated buffer strips in water‐quality restoration and stream management

Hydrologic modeling of runoff from a livestock manure windrow composting site with a fly ash pad surface and vegetative filter strip buffers

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