Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations

Choi, Kwanghun; Arnhold, Sebastian; Huwe, Bernd; Reineking, Björn

doi:10.3390/w9040278

Cited by 20 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A proportion of the detached particles are immediately deposited close to the point of detachment due to gravitational force (DEP) and the remainder are delivered to the overland flow for transport. Deposition is a function of the fall number ( N f ; Tollner et al ., ), which is a function of the element length ( l ; in metres), the particle settling velocity ( v s ; in m s −1 ), the flow velocity ( v ; in m s −1 ) and the flow depth ( d ; in metres):

DEP ((), i) = 0.441 {(N_{f} (i))}^{0.29} = 0.441 {(\frac{l v_{s} ((), i)}{v d})}^{0.29}

where d is 0.005 m for unchannelled flow, 0.01 m for shallow rills, and 0.25 m for deeper rills; v s is 2 × 10 −6 m s −1 for clay, 2 × 10 −3 m s −1 for silt, and 2 × 10 −2 m s −1 for sand (Morgan and Duzant, ); and v is calculated, as proposed by (Choi et al ., ), by means of the Manning's roughness coefficient ( n’ ) from Petryk and Bosmajian (), which considers the drag force by vegetation in addition to the Manning's roughness coefficient of the soil ( n ):

v = \frac{1}{n^{'}} d^{2 / 3} \sqrt{italictan ((), β)}

n^{'} = {(n^{2} + \frac{D NV d^{4 / 3}}{2 g})}^{1 / 2}

where D is the diameter of plant stems in metres and NV is the number of stems per unit area. A value of n = 0.015 is recommended for bare soil (Morgan and Duzant, ).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where d is 0.005 m for unchannelled flow, 0.01 m for shallow rills, and 0.25 m for deeper rills; v s is 2 × 10 À6 m s À1 for clay, 2 × 10 À3 m s À1 for silt, and 2 × 10 À2 m s À1 for sand (Morgan and Duzant, 2008); and v is calculated, as proposed by (Choi et al, 2017), by means of the Manning's roughness coefficient (n') from Petryk and Bosmajian (1975), which considers the drag force by vegetation in addition to the Manning's roughness coefficient of the soil (n):…”

Section: Immediate Deposition Of Detached Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A model for catchment soil erosion management in humid agricultural environments

Peñuela

Sellami

Smith

2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intensive agricultural practices have critically contributed to the global increase in soil erosion and sediment fluxes. To reduce the impact of these practices, models able to represent the effect of changes in agricultural land‐use, farming and conservation practices are needed. Moreover, simulations spanning multi‐decadal periods can overcome the potentially confounding influence of climate variability on shorter‐term studies of impacts from agricultural change. Conceptual erosion models, such as the Morgan–Morgan–Finney (MMF) model, allow simulation of soil erosion rates and sediment fluxes over longer periods, while still retaining a general description of runoff and sediment generation processes. In addition, the modified‐MMF (MMMF) model offers improved representation of vegetation cover effects through measurable plant properties. However, as an annual model, the MMF model does not capture seasonal variability in climate, hydrology and land cover. Here, we propose a new model for humid environments based on the MMF model to address its limitations and improve its predictive ability, while retaining its simplicity and low computational and parameterization requirements. This includes monthly computation, representation of catchment hydrology based on delineation of saturated areas according to the topographic wetness index (TWI), and improved representation of ground and vegetation cover effects. The proposed model, MMF‐TWI, was applied in an agricultural catchment in the UK and performance compared to published data and MMMF simulation results. Land cover spatial and temporal variability, crop type as well as farming and conservation practices were found to have a significant influence on simulated sediment yields. Our findings demonstrate: (a) that MMF‐TWI model improves predictive ability compared to the MMMF model in humid environments, (b) the importance of capturing sub‐annual variability in climate, saturated areas and land cover, (c) the ability of MMF‐TWI model to represent impacts from farming and conservation practices, and (d) the potential for MMF‐TWI model to be applied as a soil erosion management tool. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

DEP ((), i) = 0.441 {(N_{f} (i))}^{0.29} = 0.441 {(\frac{l v_{s} ((), i)}{v d})}^{0.29}

v = \frac{1}{n^{'}} d^{2 / 3} \sqrt{italictan ((), β)}

n^{'} = {(n^{2} + \frac{D NV d^{4 / 3}}{2 g})}^{1 / 2}

where D is the diameter of plant stems in metres and NV is the number of stems per unit area. A value of n = 0.015 is recommended for bare soil (Morgan and Duzant, ).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immediate Deposition Of Detached Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for catchment soil erosion management in humid agricultural environments

Peñuela

Sellami

Smith

2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…50% of the South Korean population) reside. Therefore, soil erosion control in this region is highly relevant to provide clean and usable freshwater resources to the residents [14,15]. With increasing demand for food crops, intensive upland agriculture is expanding in the mountainous upstream regions of the Han River watershed where few agricultural activities had been performed previously [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To consider the spatial context of soil erosion, a spatially explicit and distributed soil erosion model that can simulate the sediment budget of each element, considering the sediment inputs from the upslope areas is needed. Among the various soil erosion models, the daily based Morgan-Morgan-Finney (DMMF) model [15] is one of the most appropriate tools because the model can project soil erosion and deposition explicitly, considering the spatial connectivity, which facilitates the assessment of the impact of the spatial context of landscape on sediment redistribution patterns. Furthermore, the DMMF is suitable for projecting under a monsoon climate, accompanying concentrated rainfall during a short period [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various soil erosion models, the daily based Morgan-Morgan-Finney (DMMF) model [15] is one of the most appropriate tools because the model can project soil erosion and deposition explicitly, considering the spatial connectivity, which facilitates the assessment of the impact of the spatial context of landscape on sediment redistribution patterns. Furthermore, the DMMF is suitable for projecting under a monsoon climate, accompanying concentrated rainfall during a short period [15]. Vegetative filter strips (VFSs) are known as an effective tool for reducing sediment yield from the field or catchment because of their cost-effective surface protecting and sediment trapping capabilities [5,19,25,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Spatially Reconfiguring Erosion Hot Spots to Reduce Stream Sediment Load in an Upland Agricultural Catchment of South Korea

Choi

Maharjan

Reineking

2019

Water

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Upland agricultural expansion and intensification cause soil erosion, which has a negative impact on the environment and socioeconomic factors by degrading the quality of both nutrient-rich surface soil and water. The Haean catchment is a well-known upland agricultural area in South Korea, which generates a large amount of sediment from its cropland. The transportation of nutrient-rich sediment to the stream adversely affects the water quality of the Han River watershed, which supports over twenty million people. In this paper, we suggest a spatially explicit mitigation method to reduce the amount of sediment yield to the stream of the catchment by converting soil erosion hot spots into forest. To evaluate the effectiveness of this reconfiguration, we estimated the sediment redistribution rate and assessed the soil erosion risk in the Haean catchment using the daily based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) model. We found that dry crop fields located in the steep hill-slope suffer from severe soil erosion, and the rice paddy, orchard, and urban area, which are located in a comparatively lower and flatter area, suffer less from erosion. Although located in the steep hill-slope, the forest exhibits high sediment trapping capabilities in this model. When the erosion-prone crop lands were managed by sequentially reconfiguring their land use and land cover (LULC) to the forest from the area with the most severe erosion to the area with the least severe erosion, the result showed a strong reduction in sediment yield flowing to the stream. A change of 3% of the catchment’s crop lands of the catchment into forest reduced the sediment yield entering into the stream by approximately 10% and a change of 10% of crop lands potentially resulted in a sediment yield reduction by approximately 50%. According to these results, identifying erosion hot spots and managing them by reconfiguring their LULC is effective in reducing terrestrial sediment yield entering into the stream.

show abstract

Testing CASE: A new event‐based Morgan‐Morgan‐Finney‐type erosion model for different rainfall experimental scenarios

Brunner,

Weninger,

Schmaltz

et al. 2023

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Every application of soil erosion models brings the need of proper parameterisation, that is, finding physically or conceptually plausible parameter values that allow a model to reproduce measured values. No universal approach for model parameterisation, calibration and validation exists, as it depends on the model, spatial and temporal resolution and the nature of the datasets used. We explored some existing options for parameterisation, calibration and validation for erosion modelling exemplary with a specific dataset and modelling approach. A new Morgan‐Morgan‐Finney (MMF)‐type model was developed, representing a balanced position between physically‐based and empirical modelling approaches. The resulting model termed ‘calculator for soil erosion’ (CASE), works in a spatially distributed way on the timescale of individual rainfall events. A dataset of 142 high‐intensity rainfall experiments in Central Europe (AT, HU, IT, CZ), covering various slopes, soil types and experimental designs was used for calibration and validation with a modified Monte‐Carlo approach. Subsequently, model parameter values were compared to parameter values obtained by alternative methods (measurements, pedotransfer functions, literature data). The model reproduced runoff and soil loss of the dataset in the validation setting with R2adj of 0.89 and 0.76, respectively. Satisfactory agreement for the water phase was found, with calibrated saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) values falling within the interquartile range of ksat predicted with 14 different pedotransfer functions, or being within one order of magnitude. The chosen approach also well reflected specific experimental setups contained in the dataset dealing with the effects of consecutive rainfall and different soil water conditions. For the sediment phase of the tested model agreement between calibrated cohesion, literature values and field measurements were only partially in line. The methods we explored may specifically be interesting for use with other MMF‐type models, or with similar datasets.

show abstract

Daily Based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) Model: A Spatially Distributed Conceptual Soil Erosion Model to Simulate Complex Soil Surface Configurations

Cited by 20 publications

References 61 publications

A model for catchment soil erosion management in humid agricultural environments

A model for catchment soil erosion management in humid agricultural environments

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Spatially Reconfiguring Erosion Hot Spots to Reduce Stream Sediment Load in an Upland Agricultural Catchment of South Korea

Testing CASE: A new event‐based Morgan‐Morgan‐Finney‐type erosion model for different rainfall experimental scenarios

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About