Suspected Horse-to-Human Transmission of MRSA ST398

Duijkeren, Engeline van; Horn, Lenny ten; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Bruijn, Marco de; Laarhoven, Laura M.; Verstappen, Koen M.; Weerd, Willemien de; Meessen, N.E.L.; Duim, Birgitta

doi:10.3201/eid1706.101330

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…High prevalences for ST398 of 9-11% have been detected in horses at admission to equine hospitals [43,61] and clusters of clinical infection have been reported [62,63]. This may be particularly significant; ST398 has been the cause of outbreaks of clinical infection in people working with animals [64,65] and carriage by a recently hospitalised foal has resulted in documented zoonotic human infection [66]. Healthy horse-owners and workers have also been identified as carrying the same ST398 MRSA types as their animals [67].…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Mrsa In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance

Maddox¹,

Clegg²,

Williams

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to the continued successful use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections. While the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from man has been studied extensively, less work has been undertaken in companion animals, particularly horses. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a cause of infections, with a low prevalence of nasal carriage by horses in the community but higher for hospitalised horses. Molecular characterisation has shown methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains either to be predominantly of types associated with horses or of sequence type ST398. Antimicrobialresistant Escherichia coli (including multidrug-resistant and extended spectrum b-lactamase-producing isolates) have caused infections and been documented in faecal carriage by horses, with many significant resistance mechanisms identified. More sporadic reports and molecular characterisation exist for resistance in other bacteria such as enterococci, Salmonella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species. Limited work has been undertaken evaluating risk factors and much of the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses remains to be determined.

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Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Mrsa In Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance

Maddox¹,

Clegg²,

Williams

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Recent work suggested a new classification into only two groups, carriers and noncarriers, based on the similar carriage dynamics and immune responses in intermittent carriers and noncarriers (3). Various studies have shown that people exposed to animals, such as farm workers and veterinarians, have a significant risk of carrying methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). There is particular concern about the spread of livestock-associated MRSA sequence type 398 (ST398), since the lineage has been associated with colonization (9,10) and infection (4,(11)(12)(13)(14) of humans exposed to livestock, particularly pigs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Predisposition to Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Pigs on the Basis of Quantification, Carriage Dynamics, and Serological Profiles

Espinosa-Gongora

Dahl

Elvstrøm

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dPrevious research on Staphylococcus aureus in pigs focused on livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and had a qualitative cross-sectional design. This study aimed to elucidate the frequency, load, and stability of S. aureus nasal carriage in pigs over time and investigated possible associations between carriage and immune response. Nasal swabs were collected three times weekly from 480 tagged adult pigs in 20 Danish production farms. S. aureus and MRSA were quantified on selective media by the most-probable-number method. The levels of IgG against 10 S. aureus antigens in serum were quantified in selected pigs by a Luminex assay. All the farms were positive for S. aureus and 15 for MRSA, leading to overall prevalences of persistent and intermittent carriers and noncarriers of 24, 52, and 23%, respectively. Carriage frequency and nasal loads were significantly higher on MRSA-positive farms. Logistic-regression modeling revealed the presence of individual pigs characterized by high nasal loads (>10,000 CFU per swab) and stable carriage regardless of farm-and pen-associated factors. On the other hand, the humoral response was strongly influenced by these environmental factors. The existence of a minority of shedders contributing to maintenance of S. aureus within farms opens up new perspectives on the control of MRSA in pig farming.

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“…Several studies report about methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae [89,133,134], which also risks human's health [92]. Van Duijkeren et al (2011) identified the possible transmission of MRSA from a horse to a human [135]. Recently, Salmonella typhimurium cases have raised the awareness of multidrug resistance in horses [136,137].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health

Lönker

Fechner

Wahed

2020

Veterinary Sciences

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One Health (OH) is a crucial concept, where the interference between humans, animals and the environment matters. This review article focusses on the role of horses in maintaining the health of humans and the environment. Horses' impact on environmental health includes their influence on soil and the biodiversity of animal and plant species. Nevertheless, the effect of horses is not usually linear and several factors like plant-animal coevolutionary history, climate and animal density play significant roles. The long history of the relationship between horses and humans is shaped by the service of horses in wars or even in mines. Moreover, horses were essential in developing the first antidote to cure diphtheria. Nowadays, horses do have an influential role in animal assisted therapy, in supporting livelihoods in low income countries and as a leisure partner. Horses are of relevance in the spillover of zoonotic and emerging diseases from wildlife to human (e.g., Hendra Virus), and in non-communicable diseases (e.g., post-traumatic osteoarthritis in horses and back pain in horse riders). Furthermore, many risk factors-such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance-threaten the health of both horses and humans. Finally, the horse is a valuable factor in sustaining the health of humans and the environment, and must be incorporated in any roadmap to achieve OH.Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 28 2 of 17 crucial part in developing the first antidote to cure diphtheria. Since then, the rate of contact between domesticated horses and humans steadily increased. Nowadays, for example, horses play an important role in animal-assisted therapy. Furthermore, the detection of infectious diseases that affect both humans and horses are crucial, especially in cases of highly transmissible diseases. Beside infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as skeletal and joint diseases or metabolic disorders are of concern to both. Several risk factors concerning the health of humans and horses exist. Therefore, this article will give an overview of OH with a focus on horses and their relation to the environment and humans, along with the influence of other factors such as climate change (see Figure 1). Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 15 crucial part in developing the first antidote to cure diphtheria. Since then, the rate of contact between 46 domesticated horses and humans steadily increased. Nowadays, for example, horses play an 47 important role in animal-assisted therapy. Furthermore, the detection of infectious diseases that affect 48 both humans and horses are crucial, especially in cases of highly transmissible diseases. Beside 49 infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as skeletal and joint diseases or 50metabolic disorders are of concern to both. Several risk factors concerning the health of humans and 51 horses exist. Therefore, this article will give an overview of OH with a focus on horses and their 52 relation to the environment and humans, along with the influence of other factors such a...

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Suspected Horse-to-Human Transmission of MRSA ST398

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance

Individual Predisposition to Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Pigs on the Basis of Quantification, Carriage Dynamics, and Serological Profiles

Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health

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