Susceptibility to reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 virus relative to existing antibody concentrations and T cell response

Atef, Shereen H.; Hosani, Farida Al; AbdelWareth, Laila; Al‐Rifai, Rami H.; Abuyadek, Rowan; Jabari, Andrea; Ali, Raza; Altrabulsi, Basel; Dunachie, Susanna; Alatoom, Adnan; Donnelly, James G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.006

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…At the quantitative analysis, data from four studies were obtained [18,20,22,32], as mean antibody titer values corresponding to protective effects against breakthrough infections were reported. Two different meta-analyses were performed in order to pool the findings concerning different types of antibodies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Correlates of Protection Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination in the Working Age Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rahmani,

Montecucco,

Priano

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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COVID-19 vaccines represent effective public health measures in contrasting the pandemic worldwide. However, protection at the individual-level, which is of crucial importance from an occupational health perspective, is commonly assessed by a serological correlate of protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2, which has not yet been determined. The emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) that have shown high rates of breakthrough infections has further complicated the understanding of immune protection against infection. To define a potential serological correlate of protection induced by the COVID-19 vaccination, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the evidence concerning the binding antibody concentration corresponding to a protective effect. Eighteen and four studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively. The protection against infection was shown for anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) titers ranging from 154 to 168.2 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL during the pre-Omicron period, while ranging from 1235 to 3035 BAU/mL in the Omicron period. Pooling the results from the studies concerning anti-RBD and anti-Spike antibody titer, we found a mean of 1341.5 BAU/mL and 1400.1 BAU/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that although a fixed serological threshold corresponding to protection against different SARS-CoV-2 variants is not yet definable, higher binding antibody concentrations are associated with increased protective effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Correlates of Protection Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination in the Working Age Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Rahmani,

Montecucco,

Priano

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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“…T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 are increasingly being recognized as correlating with more rapid viral clearance and better clinical outcomes [3] , [4] , [5] . Moreover, a study from the United Arab Emirates found that for returning expatriates who had SARS-CoV-2 infection over the following 6 months, approximately 75 % had non-reactive T-cells whereas greater than 99 % were seropositive and that high levels of antibodies resulted in a 6 % risk reduction for re-infection [12] . Importantly, T-cell responses against S and ORF3a proteins have remained conserved despite the emergence of newer variants [6] , [7] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response enhancement with GLS-5310 DNA primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 followed by administration of an mRNA vaccine heterologous boost

Roberts

Song

Yoon

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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“…Regarding the association between the type of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the immune status, several studies showed that the concentrations of the measured antibodies varied according to the different types of studied vaccines, (even after controlling for potential confounders as number of vaccine doses and number of days after vaccination) (14,15). The majority of our cohort received the Sinopharm vaccine as it was the first to get approval for emergency use in UAE, all of the study participants who had received only rAd26-S+rAd5-S (Sputnik) vaccine had higher than the median titer increase in the anti-S and ACE2-RBD blocking antibodies, respectively, and all of them were never re-infected with SARS-CoV-2 during study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection versus hybrid (natural and vaccination) humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2: a comparative paired analysis

AbdelWareth,

Alhousani,

Abuyadek

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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ObjectivesThere is substantial immunological evidence that vaccination following natural infection increases protection. We compare the humoral immune response developed in initially seropositive individuals (naturally infected) to humoral hybrid immune response (developed after infection and vaccination) in the same population group after one year.MethodsThe study included 197 male individuals who were naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and then vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Trimeric spike, nucleocapsid, and ACE2-RBD blocking antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 were measured. Nasal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. Information on vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and PCR verified infection was retrieved from official databases (Abu Dhabi Health Data Services- SP LLC. (“Malaffi”), including number of vaccine doses received, date of vaccination, and type of the received vaccine.ResultsAll the study population were tested PCR-Negative at the time of sample collection. Our results showed that there was a significant rise in the mean (SD) and median (IQR) titers of trimeric spike, nucleocapsid and ACE2-RBD blocking antibodies in the post-vaccination stage. The mean (± SD) and median (IQR) concentration of the anti-S antibody rose by 3.3-fold (+230% ± 197% SD) and 2.8-fold (+185%, 220–390%, p<0.001), respectively. There was an observed positive dose-response relationship between number of the received vaccine doses and having higher proportion of study participants with higher than median concentration in the difference between the measured anti-S and ACE2-RBD blocking antibodies in the post-vaccination compared to pre-vaccination.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that COVID-19 vaccination post natural infection elicits a robust immunological response with an impressive rise of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, especially the ACE2-RBD blocking antibodies.

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Susceptibility to reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 virus relative to existing antibody concentrations and T cell response

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Serological Correlates of Protection Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination in the Working Age Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Serological Correlates of Protection Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination in the Working Age Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Immune response enhancement with GLS-5310 DNA primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 followed by administration of an mRNA vaccine heterologous boost

Natural infection versus hybrid (natural and vaccination) humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2: a comparative paired analysis

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