Susceptibility to Nicotine Dependence: The Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth 2 Study

DiFranza, Joseph R.; Savageau, Judith A.; Fletcher, Kenneth E.; Pbert, Lori; O’Loughlin, Jennifer; McNeill, Ann; Ockene, Judith K.; Friedman, Karen; Hazelton, Jennifer; Wood, Constance; Dussault, Gretchen; Wellman, Robert J.

doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0027

Cited by 124 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests ND symptoms can occur soon after smoking initiation (e.g., DiFranza et al, 2007;Gervais et al, 2006). Intriguingly, cross-sectional studies evidence that 4-6% of never-smoking adolescents endorse items measuring ND (e.g., Bélanger et al, 2008;Racicot et al, 2011a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the current longitudinal study started in 7th grade, it may be prudent to begin investigating the emergence of ND symptoms in elementary school. Some adolescents may endorse ND symptoms and resist smoking uptake due to protective factors (e.g., extracurricular activities, good relationship with parents; DiFranza et al, 2007), genetic differences in nicotine metabolism (Malayandi et al, 2005), or possibly perceived risk of SHS exposure (Song et al, 2009). Previous research has suggested there may be a class of "late bloomers" who endorse ND symptoms, but take a longer period of time before trying smoking (Karp et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depressed mood and novelty-seeking predicted ICD-10 ND and loss of autonomy over tobacco use (DiFranza et al, 2007;Karp et al, 2006). Moreover, externalizing behavior problems (Hu et al, 2011;Storr, 2008) have been identified as risk factors, whereas impulsiveness was inversely associated with ICD-10 ND (DiFranza et al, 2007). With respect to substance use, alcohol has been found to predict ND among smoking adolescents (Storr, 2008;Wileyto et al, 2009).…”

Section: Predictors Of Nd Symptoms During Adolescence In Smoking Popumentioning

confidence: 98%

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Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Racicot

McGrath

Karp

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Recent cross-sectional studies suggest some adolescents who have never smoked cigarettes experience nicotine dependence (ND) symptoms and that exposure to second-hand smoke, social exposure to smoking, and alcohol use are plausible correlates. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend these findings by investigating possible predictors of ND symptoms longitudinally.Method-Participants included 847 secondary school students who had never smoked cigarettes enrolled in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study. Adolescents completed self-report questionnaires measuring smoking status, ND symptoms, and risk factors for ND in smokers (i.e., socio-demographic indicators, social exposure to smoking, psychosocial indicators, and substance use) in 20 survey cycles from 7 to 11th grade. Generalized estimating equations, which account for repeated measures within individuals, were used to test the predictors of ND symptoms. Results-Consistent ContributorsSimon Racicot developed the research question, conducted the literature review, undertook the statistical analyses, interpreted the results, and wrote and revised the manuscript. Jennifer J. McGrath supervised the literature review, the statistical analyses, and revised the manuscript. Igor Karp designed the analytical plan and revised the manuscript. Jennifer O'Loughlin designed the study, contributed to the protocol development, and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for submission. Conflict of interestThere is no conflict of interest. Conclusions-Replicating previous cross-sectional findings, peer smoking and alcohol use predicted ND symptoms among never-smoking adolescents. Extending these findings, previous predictors only observed among ever-smokers, including socio-demographic and psychosocial indicators, also predicted ND symptoms. This longitudinal investigation demonstrated the temporal relation of the predictors preceding ND symptoms. Future research should consider longer prospective studies with younger children to capture early onset of ND symptoms and with longer follow-up to detect eventual smoking uptake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predictors Of Nd Symptoms During Adolescence In Smoking Popumentioning

confidence: 98%

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Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Racicot

McGrath

Karp

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…(A lower threshold than the standard 100 cigarettes used with adult samples was chosen given the substantial number of participants who were younger than age 18 when smoking behaviors were fi rst assessed. This intensity of smoking is associated with loss of control over smoking and nicotine dependence in young smokers [DiFranza et al, 2007].) Diagnoses of CD, MDD, and cannabis abuse were based on DSM-IV criteria.…”

Section: Sexual Assaultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Dependence in Young Women

Sartor¹,

Pommer²,

Nelson³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:The aim of the current study is to characterize the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence (AD) in women, distinguishing PTSD-specifi c infl uences on AD from the contribution of co-occurring psychiatric conditions and from the infl uences of trauma more generally. Method: Trauma histories and DSM-IV lifetime diagnoses, including PTSD and AD, were obtained via telephone interview from 3,768 female twins. Based on PTSD status and trauma history, participants were categorized as no trauma (43.7%), trauma without PTSD (52.6%), or trauma with PTSD (3.7%). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted using trauma/PTSD status to predict AD, fi rst adjusting only for ethnicity and parental problem drinking, then including conduct disorder, major depressive disorder, regular smoking, and cannabis abuse. Results: Before accounting for psychiatric covariates, elevated rates of AD were evident in both trauma-exposed groups, but those with PTSD were at signifi cantly greater risk for AD than those without PTSD. This distinction was no longer statistically signifi cant when psychiatric covariates were included in the model, but both trauma-exposed groups continued to show elevated odds of developing AD compared with the no trauma group. Conclusions: The elevated rates of AD in women who have experienced trauma are not accounted for in full by psychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur with AD and trauma exposure. The greater likelihood of developing AD in the subset of trauma-exposed individuals who develop PTSD may refl ect higher levels of distress and/ or higher rates of psychopathology associated with traumas that lead to PTSD rather than PTSD-specifi c infl uences. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 810-818, 2010)

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“…Only in those that have ever attempted to smoke cigarettes, can the liability to regularly smoke be assessed. Similarly, the risk for heavy smoking and nicotine dependence is contingent upon smoking cigarettes on a regular basis, although in adolescents, the threshold may be lower (DiFranza et al, 2007). There are several points along this trajectory where a risk factor may have an impact -for instance, Kendler et al (1999) have demonstrated that certain risk factors are only associated with early stages of smoking (e.g.…”

Section: The Stages Of Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions to regular smoking and to nicotine dependence in women using cannabis

Agrawal

Madden

Bucholz

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-While there is substantial support in the literature for an increased prevalence of cannabis use in cigarette smokers, emerging studies allude to the possibility that cannabis users may, in turn, be at significantly elevated risk for rapid transitions in their cigarette smoking trajectories. If there is evidence in its favor, the increased rates of cigarette smoking in cannabis users may prove to be the most significant public health problem associated with cannabis use.Methods-In a sample of 3,787 female twins (age range 18-29 years), we examined, using discretetime survival analyses, whether women who reported cannabis use were at increased risk for regular cigarette smoking and progression to nicotine dependence.Results-After controlling for a large number of potential covariates, we found that women who used cannabis were at 4.4 and 2.8 increased hazards for transitioning from initiation to regular smoking and from regular smoking to nicotine dependence respectively.Conclusions-Cannabis use is associated with transitions to more involved stages of cigarette smoking in women. This is a source of public health concern, first due to the high mortality associated with cigarette smoking and second, due to the high prevalence of cannabis use in the general population.

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Susceptibility to Nicotine Dependence: The Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth 2 Study

Cited by 124 publications

References 80 publications

Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Dependence in Young Women

Transitions to regular smoking and to nicotine dependence in women using cannabis

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