Susceptibility of wild canids to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Porter, Stephanie M.; Hartwig, Airn E.; Bielefeldt‐Ohmann, Helle; Bosco‐Lauth, Angela M.; Root, J. Jeffrey

doi:10.1101/2022.01.27.478082

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The The most probable explanation for the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into humans involves zoonotic jumps from as-yet-undetermined, intermediate host animals at the Huanan market (34,38,39). Through late 2019, the Huanan market sold animals that are known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and capable of intraspecies transmission (40)(41)(42). The presence of potential animal reservoirs, coupled with the timing of the lineage B primary case and the geographic clustering of early cases around the Huanan market (39), support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 lineage B jumped into humans at the Huanan market in mid-November 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2

Pekar

Magee

Parker

et al. 2022

Science

169

168

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Understanding the circumstances that lead to pandemics is important for their prevention. Here, we analyze the genomic diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We show that SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity before February 2020 likely comprised only two distinct viral lineages, denoted A and B. Phylodynamic rooting methods, coupled with epidemic simulations, reveal that these lineages were the result of at least two separate cross-species transmission events into humans. The first zoonotic transmission likely involved lineage B viruses around 18 November 2019 (23 October–8 December), while the separate introduction of lineage A likely occurred within weeks of this event. These findings indicate that it is unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 circulated widely in humans prior to November 2019 and define the narrow window between when SARS-CoV-2 first jumped into humans and when the first cases of COVID-19 were reported. As with other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 emergence likely resulted from multiple zoonotic events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2

Pekar

Magee

Parker

et al. 2022

Science

169

168

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“…Animal feed and feed ingredients are known to promote and enhance survival of several animal viruses, including coronaviruses ( 21 ), and thus, wildlife feeding practices should be investigated as a risk factor and avoided due to their potential to enable spillover of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to WTD and perhaps other susceptible wildlife species (e.g., deer mice, mink, raccoon, and red fox; Fig. 7 ) ( 22 – 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) may serve as a wildlife reservoir for nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Caserta

Martins

Butt

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to white-tailed deer (WTD) and its ability to transmit from deer to deer raised concerns about the role of WTD in the epidemiology and ecology of the virus. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in WTD in the State of New York (NY). A total of 5,462 retropharyngeal lymph node samples collected from free-ranging hunter-harvested WTD during the hunting seasons of 2020 (Season 1, September to December 2020, n = 2,700) and 2021 (Season 2, September to December 2021, n = 2,762) were tested by SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT–PCR (rRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 17 samples (0.6%) from Season 1 and in 583 samples (21.1%) from Season 2. Hotspots of infection were identified in multiple confined geographic areas of NY. Sequence analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 164 samples demonstrated the presence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages and the cocirculation of three major variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, and Delta) in WTD. Our analysis suggests the occurrence of multiple spillover events (human to deer) of the Alpha and Delta lineages with subsequent deer-to-deer transmission and adaptation of the viruses. Detection of Alpha and Gamma variants in WTD long after their broad circulation in humans in NY suggests that WTD may serve as a wildlife reservoir for VOCs no longer circulating in humans. Thus, implementation of continuous surveillance programs to monitor SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in WTD is warranted, and measures to minimize virus transmission between humans and animals are urgently needed.

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“…Although it is possible that spillover occurred through direct bat-to-human contact, the first reported COVID-19 cases in December 2019 were associated with Wuhan wet market activities [25], where live-trapped carnivores, such as raccoon dogs and badgers, were offered for sale, but no bat species [26]. Different animals farmed for food or fur, including civet cats [27], foxes [28], minks [29], and raccoon dogs [30], all proved highly susceptible to sarbecoviruses. Taken together, these circumstances suggest a live intermediate host as the primary source of the SARS-CoV-2 progenitor that humans were repeatedly exposed to, as was the case with the origin of SARS-CoV [31].…”

Section: The Probable Origin Of Sars-cov-2 Points To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 at the Human–Animal Interface: Implication for Global Public Health from an African Perspective

Agusi

Allendorf

Eze

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most far-reaching public health crisis of modern times. Several efforts are underway to unravel its root cause as well as to proffer adequate preventive or inhibitive measures. Zoonotic spillover of the causative virus from an animal reservoir to the human population is being studied as the most likely event leading to the pandemic. Consequently, it is important to consider viral evolution and the process of spread within zoonotic anthropogenic transmission cycles as a global public health impact. The diverse routes of interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 offer great potential for a future reservoir of pandemic viruses evolving from the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic circulation. To mitigate possible future infectious disease outbreaks in Africa and elsewhere, there is an urgent need for adequate global surveillance, prevention, and control measures that must include a focus on known and novel emerging zoonotic pathogens through a one health approach. Human immunization efforts should be approached equally through the transfer of cutting-edge technology for vaccine manufacturing throughout the world to ensure global public health and one health.

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Susceptibility of wild canids to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2

The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2

White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) may serve as a wildlife reservoir for nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

SARS-CoV-2 at the Human–Animal Interface: Implication for Global Public Health from an African Perspective

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