Susceptibility of Pneumococci to Nine Antibiotics

Kislak, Jay Ward; Razavi, L. M. B.; Daly, A; Finland, Maxwell

doi:10.1097/00000441-196509000-00003

Cited by 142 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…For example pneumococcal penicillin resistance was first observed only in the 1960s and subsequently spread globally due to continual changes to the antibiotic target, the bacterial penicillin binding proteins. 2 , 4 Pneumoccoci with increasing resistance to third generation cephalosporins commonly used to treat meningitis were subsequently reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the 1990s. 5 In general, a trend is being observed that the time it takes bacteria to develop AMR after introduction of a new antibiotic is getting shorter.…”

Section: Amr Is An Urgent Health Threat and Large Economic Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Jansen

Anderson

2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

104

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The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the associated morbidity and mortality due to antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens is not new. However, AMR has been increasing at an alarming rate with appearances of diseases caused by bacteria exhibiting resistance to not just one but multiple classes of antibiotics. The World Health Organization (WHO) supported by governments, health ministries and health agencies has formulated global action plans to combat the rise in AMR, supporting a number of proven initiatives such as antimicrobial stewardship, investments in development of new classes of antibiotics, and educational programs designed to eliminate inappropriate antibiotic use. Vaccines as tools to reduce AMR have historically been under-recognized, yet the positive effect in reducing AMR has been well established. For example Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) as well as Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) conjugate vaccines have impressive track records in not only preventing life threatening diseases caused by these bacteria, but also reducing antibiotic use and AMR. This paper will describe the drivers of antibiotic use and subsequent development of AMR; it will make the case how existing vaccines are already participating in combatting AMR, describe future prospects for the role of new vaccines in development to reduce AMR, and highlight challenges associated with future vaccine development to combat AMR.

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Section: Amr Is An Urgent Health Threat and Large Economic Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Jansen

Anderson

2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

104

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“…Increased resistance of pneumococci to penicillin G was reported by Erik-sen in 1945 [1]. It was later recognized in the United States, Australia, New Guinea, England, Saudi Arabia, and in many other countries [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The majority of the isolates have been found to be relatively penicillin-resistant (PRP) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.1-1.0 μg/ml, their prevalence varying from a low of 1.3% to a high of 51% in different parts of the world [5,6,9,10].…”

Section: Accepted For Publication 8 July 1991mentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection of Pneumococci with Increased Resistance to Penicillin and their Clinical Significance

1992

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“…Investigators in Boston first reported clinical resistance to penicillin in S. pneumoniae in 1965, but did not recognize the significance of that resistance. 34,35 Subsequently, this phenomenon was reported in Australia in 1967 and in South Africa in 1977, where strains with both a high level of penicillin resistance and multiple antibiotic resistances were reported. Penicillin resistance spread rapidly throughout the world in the 1980s, mainly in South Africa, 36,37 Spain, 38 Hungary, 39 Czechoslovakia, 40,41 Asia, 42 the United States of America (USA), 43,44 Australia, 45 and other European countries.…”

Section: Pneumococcal Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting the challenge: prevention of pneumococcal disease with conjugate vaccines

Echániz-Avilés

Solórzano-Santos

2001

Salud pública Méx

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of both invasive and noninvasive diseases in the pediatric population and continues to represent a significant public health burden worldwide. The increasing incidence of antibioticresistant strains of the pathogen has complicated treatment and management of the various pneumococcal disease manifestations. Thus, the best management strategy may be the prevention of pneumococcal diseases through vaccination. Although several pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been clinically studied in infants and children, only a 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PNCRM7; Prevnar ® / Prevenar ® ) is currently approved for the prevention of invasive disease. Vaccination with PNCRM7 is safe and effective in infants and young children. Routine vaccination with the conjugate vaccine could improve outcomes by safeguarding against the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, thus simplifying the management of pneumococcal disease. Additionally, the overall costs associated with the treatment of pneumococcal diseases could be substantially reduced, particularly in developing countries. The time has come for fully applying this new advancement against S. pneumoniae, to benefit the children of the world. The Spanish version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html ResumenStreptococcus pneumoniae es uno de los principales agentes causantes de enfermedades invasoras y no invasoras en la población pediátrica y sigue representando uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. La incidencia creciente de cepas resistentes a diversos antimicrobianos ha complicado el tratamiento y manejo de varias de las manifestaciones de la enfermedad neumocócica. Con éstas consideraciones, la mejor estrategia de manejo es la prevención de éstas enfermedades a través de la vacunación. A pesar de que se han estudiado diversas vacunas neumocócicas conjugadas en niños, solo una vacuna 7-valente conjugada (PNCRM7; Prevnar ® /Prevenar ® ) se encuentra aprobada para la prevención de enfermedades invasoras en niños. La vacunación con PNCRM7 es segura y efectiva en infantes y niños pequeños. La vacunación rutinaria con la vacuna conjugada podría mejorar el resultado de los tratamientos, previniendo el desarrollo de cepas resistentes de S. pneumoniae y simplificando el manejo de las enfermedades neumocóci-cas. Además, los costos asociados con el tratamiento de estas enfermedades se reduciría substancialmente, particularmente en los países en desarrollo. El tiempo ha llegado para aplicar este nuevo avance contra S. pneumoniae y obtener todos los beneficios que así merecen los niños del mundo. El texto completo en español de este artículo está disponible en:

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Susceptibility of Pneumococci to Nine Antibiotics

Cited by 142 publications

References 0 publications

The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Detection of Pneumococci with Increased Resistance to Penicillin and their Clinical Significance

Meeting the challenge: prevention of pneumococcal disease with conjugate vaccines

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