Susceptibility of clinical isolates of yeasts to anti-fungal agents

Qadri, Syed M.; Flournoy, D. J.; Qadri, S. G. M.; Ramírez, Enrique

doi:10.1007/bf00437125

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When analyzing other studies reporting clotrimazole MIC values for these Candida species, we can observe that they behaved similarly to the results obtained in our study, for example Hussain Qadri et al(1986) reported MIC values to Clotrimazole between 0.1 to 4 ug / ml for both C. krusei and C. parapsilopsis; Richter et al (2005) reported MIC values of 0.03 at 0.5 ug / ml for C. parapsilopsis and 0.12 at 1 ug / ml for C. Krusei. Both values, the cited by these authors and those our study indicate that in the case of Candida krusei there is no cross resistance between fluconazole and clotrimazole because it has the same inhibition pattern as Candida parapsilopsis.When comparing our results with the cited authors we can affirm that the measurement methodology used was correct and a good antifungal sensitivity was obtained.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles and clotrimazole against Candida spp.

Meneses

Recalde

Martín

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The aim of present study was calculate the Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of silver nanoparticles and clotrimazole for Candida species and their interaction by the adaptation of standarized methods. The MICs values of clotrimazole were 9 E -04 -3 E -03 ug/ml, 0.1-0.6 ug/ml, 3 E -03 -0.1 ug/ml and 3 E -03 -0.3 ug/ml for Candida albicans susceptible to fluconazole, Candida albicans resistance to fluconazole, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis respectively. The MICs values of silver nanoparticles were 26.50-53 ug/ml; 26.50-106 ug/ml; 106-212 ug/ ml and 26.50-53 ug/ml for Candida albicans susceptible to fluconazole, Candida albicans resistance to fluconazole, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis respectively. Synergism between clotrimazole and silver nanoparticles was measured by checkerboard BMD (broth microdilution) test and shown only for C. albicans susceptible to fluconazole because the fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) values were 0.07 -0.15 ug/ml. Indifference was shown for the other species tested because the FICs values were between 0.5 -2-3.06 ug/ml. The results suggest synergistic activity depending on the fungus species analysed, however we recommend the incorporation of others measurement methodologies to confirm our results. As for measurement methodologies of MICs of silver nanoparticles and clotrimazole international normative were respected to guarantee reproducible and comparable results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles and clotrimazole against Candida spp.

Meneses

Recalde

Martín

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…Previous testing of the antifungal activity of clotrimazole disclosed several difficulties. As clotrimazole is highly insoluble in water, the drug must first be dissolved with an organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (3), ethanol (4, 6), chloroform, polyethylene glycol (8), or DMSO (10,16,25,26). Further dilution of the drug can be completed by using an aqueous growth medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Resistance of Candida albicans to Clotrimazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children: In Vitro and Clinical Correlations

et al. 2000

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Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and other immunocompromised hosts. Clotrimazole troches are widely used in the treatment of mucosal candidiasis. However, little is known about the potential contribution of clotrimazole resistance to the development of refractory mucosal candidiasis. We therefore investigated the potential emergence of resistance to clotrimazole in a prospectively monitored HIV-infected pediatric population receiving this azole. Adapting the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A reference method for broth antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts to clotrimazole, we compared MICs in macrodilution and microdilution assays. We further analyzed the correlation between these in vitro findings and the clinical response to antifungal therapy. One isolate from each of 87 HIV-infected children was studied by the macrodilution and microdilution methods. Two inoculum sizes were tested by the macrodilution method (103 and 104 CFU/ml) in order to assess the effect of inoculum size on clotrimazole MICs. The same isolates also were tested using a noncolorimetric microdilution method. Clotrimazole concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 16 μg/ml. Readings were performed after incubation for 24 and 48 h at 35°C. For 62 (71.2%) of 87 clinical isolates, the MICs were low (≤0.06 μg/ml). The MIC for 90% of the strains tested was 0.5 μg/ml, and the highest MIC was 8 μg/ml. There was no significant difference between MICs at the two inoculum sizes. There was 89% agreement (±1 tube) between the microdilution method at 24 h and the macrodilution method at 48 h. If the MIC of clotrimazole for an isolate of C. albicans was ≥0.5 μg/ml, there was a significant risk (P < 0.001) of cross-resistance to other azoles: fluconazole, ≥64 μg/ml (relative risk [RR] = 8.9); itraconazole, ≥1 μg/ml (RR = 10). Resistance to clotrimazole was highly associated with clinically overt failure of antifungal azole therapy. Six (40%) of 15 patients for whom the clotrimazole MIC was ≥0.5 μg/ml required amphotericin B for refractory mucosal candidiasis versus 4 (5.5%) of 72 for whom the MIC was <0.5 μg/ml (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval = 2.3 to 22; RR = 7.2). These findings suggest that an interpretive breakpoint of 0.5 μg/ml may be useful in defining clotrimazole resistance in C. albicans. The clinical laboratory's ability to determine MICs of clotrimazole may help to distinguish microbiologic resistance from the other causes of refractory OPC, possibly reducing the usage of systemic antifungal agents. We conclude that resistance to clotrimazole develops in isolates of C. albicans from HIV-infected children, that cross-resistance to other azoles may develop concomitantly, and that this resistance correlates with refractory mucosal candidiasis.

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“…administration for the therapy of systemic fungal infections. Miconazole has wellestablished activity against isolates of dermatophytes, pathogenic yeasts, dimorphic fungi, and filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus species and mycetoma-causing fungi, as well as some gram-positive bacteria (55,107,147,202,255,268,323,345). Miconazole's primary utility is in the treatment of dermatophytic infections, tinea versicolor, and cutaneous, vaginal, and systemic candidiasis.…”

Section: Miconazolementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivatives.

Fromtling

1988

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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Susceptibility of clinical isolates of yeasts to anti-fungal agents

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles and clotrimazole against Candida spp.

Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles and clotrimazole against Candida spp.

Emergence of Resistance of Candida albicans to Clotrimazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children: In Vitro and Clinical Correlations

Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivatives.

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