Susceptibility of autochthonous German Fraxinus excelsior clones to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus is genetically determined

Enderle, Rasmus; Nakou, Aikaterini; Thomas, K. L.; Metzler, B.

doi:10.1007/s13595-014-0413-1

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The crowns of an even higher proportion of trees mainly consisted of epicormic shoots. This is an indication for high individual susceptibility [14]. Even if these trees were able to maintain much foliage, it is unlikely that they can withstand permanent debilitation by the disease in the long-term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crown defoliation and the portion of epicormic shoots of the living crown were assessed according to [14] and by applying the following percentage classes: 0% to 25%, 26% to 60%, and 61% to 99%. No assessment of crown symptoms was conducted if vegetation did not allow for an adequate view into the crown.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every year, numerous infections can occur on a single tree and lead to extensive crown decline. Diseased ash trees form epicormic shoots as a compensation for the loss of foliage, which slows the process of decline [14]. Necroses can also occur on ash root collars, which are often followed by extensive butt rot and which decisively drive mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partial genetic resistance against ash dieback has been demonstrated to be present in many ash populations throughout Europe [14,23]. Genotypes differ strongly in susceptibility, and some trees still remain healthy or almost healthy in otherwise heavily damaged stands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ash Dieback on Sample Points of the National Forest Inventory in South-Western Germany

Enderle

Metzler

Riemer³

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:The alien invasive pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causes large-scale decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior). We assessed ash dieback in Germany and identified factors that were associated with this disease. Our assessment was based on a 2015 sampling of national forest inventory plots that represent a supra-regional area. In the time from 2012 to 2015, the number of regrown ash trees corresponded to only 42% of the number of trees that had been harvested or died. Severe defoliation was recorded for almost 40% of the living trees in 2015, and more than half of the crowns mainly consisted of epicormic shoots. Necroses were present in 24% of root collars. A total of 14% of the trees were in sound condition, which sum up to only 7% of the timber volume. On average, trees of a higher social status or with a larger diameter at breast height were healthier. Collar necroses were less prevalent at sites with a higher inclination of terrain, but there was no evidence for an influence of climatic variables on collar necroses. The disease was less severe at sites with smaller proportions of the basal area of ash compared to the total basal area of all trees and in the north-eastern part of the area of investigation. The regeneration of ash decreased drastically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ash Dieback on Sample Points of the National Forest Inventory in South-Western Germany

Enderle

Metzler

Riemer³

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…Studies in natural stands, clonal seed orchards and progeny trials in a number of European countries provide evidence of existing substantial genetic variation at individual, clonal, family and population levels in the susceptibility of F. excelsior to H. fraxineus, and that there is a significant genetic heritability in disease resistance/tolerance (Pliura & Baliuckas 2007, McKinney et al 2011, Pliura et al 2011, Kirisits & Freinschlag 2012, Kjaer et al 2012, Stener 2013, Pliura et al 2014, Enderle et al 2015. The genetically inherited resistance may provide a basis for a natural adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation of Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families in response to ash dieback disease following simulated spring frost and summer drought treatments

Pliūra¹,

Lygis²,

Marčiulynienė³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Ten juvenile Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families from two Lithuanian populations have been tested in the controlled environment for their response to ash dieback disease caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, detecting changes of genetic variation and heritability, as well as estimating genotype by environment (G×E) interaction and phenotypic plasticity following artificial spring frost and summer drought treatments. In 2014, a batch of 200 four-year-old ash seedlings was used for each treatment and control (no treatment). Health condition, bud flushing phenology and height were assessed for each seedling, and disease incidence and survival ratios were assessed for each family both before (at the beginning of the vegetation season) and after the treatments (at the end of the vegetation season). Disease incidence ratio increased from 0.77-0.80 up to 0.90-0.95. Tree mortality rates during one vegetation season were significantly lower in the frost treatment (21%) than in the drought treatment (25%) or control (31%). None of the tested F. excelsior families were completely resistant to ash dieback, although significant among-family differences in disease incidence and damage rates suggest an additive mode of gene action and thus a quantitative resistance to the disease. Neither disease incidence rates, nor tree health condition scores differed significantly among the applied treatments (including control) indicating in general a negligible effect of the simulated adverse conditions on health status of the ash seedlings. However, G×E interaction was found to be significant (at P > 0.05) for disease incidence, length of necrotic shoots and tree survival, implying that susceptibility of ash families to the dieback disease unequally depends on environmental conditions, and indicating a presence of genetic variation in plasticity and reaction norms of the tested families across environments (treatments). Substantially increased coefficients of additive genetic variation and heritability in health condition following both frost and drought treatments and compared to control showed that simulated stress conditions may noticeably contribute to expression of differences among the tested F. excelsior families in their resistance traits, thus enabling a better evaluation of performance of different families, an effective family selection for resistance, and achievement of a marked genetic gain.

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The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback

Plumb

Coker

Stocks

et al. 2019

Plants People Planet

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Susceptibility of autochthonous German Fraxinus excelsior clones to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus is genetically determined

Abstract: & Context It might be possible to establish a new generation of Fraxinus excelsior which is insusceptible towards ash dieback (agent: Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) by efficient breeding.

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Ash Dieback on Sample Points of the National Forest Inventory in South-Western Germany

Ash Dieback on Sample Points of the National Forest Inventory in South-Western Germany

Genetic variation of Fraxinus excelsior half-sib families in response to ash dieback disease following simulated spring frost and summer drought treatments

The viability of a breeding programme for ash in the British Isles in the face of ash dieback

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