Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil

Abstract

Background A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient’s diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox’s regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. Results One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. Conclusion Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health.

Time from treatment initiation to HIV viral suppression in public care facilities in Brazil: a nationwide linked databases cohort

“…In Brazil, especially, the second most important clinical condition associated with negative outcomes is tuberculosis (TB). This situation is similar to that of low-income countries, where TB is the leading cause of death among PLWHA, notably in the first year after diagnosis [60,61]. Brazil is among the 12 countries with the highest global TB burden.…”

Mirusiųjų nuo pirmą kartą nustatytos plaučių tuberkuliozės Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų filiale Romainių tuberkuliozės ligoninėje analizė

“…pabaigia gydymą arba yra išgydomi. Remiantis literatūros šaltiniais, plaučių TB gydymo baigtis ir ligos mirtingumą gali sąlygoti ne tik atsparumas vaistams, bet ir kitos priežastys, tokios kaip ŽIV infekcija [5,6], nepakankama mityba [6,7], mažas kūno masės indeksas (KMI) [8], cukrinis diabetas [6], kai skrepliuose randamos RAB [6,8,9], didelis radiologinis TB išplitimas [7], pakartotinis TB gydymas [6], vyresnis amžius [6,10], vyriškoji lytis [11], moteriškoji lytis [12], žemas išsilavinimas [11], alkoholio vartojimas [13], maža albumino koncentracija kraujyje [14]. Iki šiol nėra atlikta tyrimų, išsamiau analizuojančių TB sukeliamas mirtis Lietuvoje.…”

Alcohol Use and the Risk of Communicable Diseases

“…Alcohol use is also an established risk factor for poor TB outcomes overall, including treatment failure, loss to follow up, and mortality for both drug-susceptible and drugresistant TB [102]. This is predominantly attributed to behavioral mechanisms, notably poor adherence to TB treatment and poor retention in TB care [102][103][104]. Outcomes are worse with common comorbid conditions, including HIV, hepatitis C, substance use, and smoking [105][106][107][108].…”