Survival of reared and wild Atlantic salmon smolts: size matters more in bad years

Saloniemi, Irma; Jokikokko, Erkki; Kallio‐Nyberg, Irma; Jutila, Eero; Pasanen, Pentti

doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.03.032

Cited by 124 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When pond or hatchery reared, naive fish are released into wild habitats they encounter a variety of stressful situations and thus may be exposed to considerable mortality (Saloniemi et al, 2004). Contrary to our expectation, we did not find a direct relationship between the recapture rate and the stocking season in pikeperch.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Management of pikeperch stocking in Lake Balaton: effect of season, area, fish size and method of release on the rate and distribution of recaptures

Specziár

Turcsányi

2017

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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-Pikeperch Sander lucioperca is an economically important fish which depleted populations need intensive management and supplemental stocking. We aimed to assess the relative influence of various pikeperch stocking strategies in Lake Balaton, Hungary, and tested 60 stocking set-ups (two seasons Â three lake areas Â shore vs. offshore release Â five size groups) by releasing 3000 tagged yearlings. Anglers reported data of 522 recaptures within four years after stocking. Recapture rate was highest in stocking of the most productive lake area, increased with fish size, was higher in shore than offshore releases, but did not differed between stocking seasons. Fish stocked to oligotrophic areas travelled longer distances and dispersed more than those stocked to the mesotrophic area. Fish size had little effect, whereas season and method of stocking had no effect on dispersal of fish. To conclude, in pikeperch, autumn stocking with large yearlings released directly from the shore is recommended over other set-ups. Stocking quotas may be concentrated in space in low productivity areas, but should be dispersed between multiple sites in food rich areas to attain complete dispersal. This study provides a framework for testing fisheries management alternatives and behaviour of stocked fish in intensively utilized habitats.Keywords: angling / fisheries management / mark and recapture / Sander lucioperca / stocking strategy Résumé -Gestion de l'empoissonnement de sandre dans le lac Balaton: effet de la saison, de la localisation, de la taille du poisson et de la méthode de déversement sur le taux et la distribution des recaptures. Le sandre Sander lucioperca est un poisson économiquement important dont les populations appauvries ont besoin d'une gestion intensive et d'un empoissonnement de soutien. Nous avons cherché à évaluer l'influence relative de diverses stratégies d'empoissonnement de sandre dans le lac Balaton, en Hongrie, et nous avons testé 60 configurations d'ensemencement (deux saisons Â trois zones lacustres Â zone riveraine Â zone de remise à l'eau au large Â cinq groupes de taille) en relâchant 3 000 animaux d'un an marqués. Les pêcheurs à la ligne ont apporté des données sur 522 poissons recapturés dans les quatre ans suivant le déversement. Le taux de recapture était le plus élevé dans la zone lacustre la plus productive, il augmentait avec la taille des poissons, était plus élevé sur le rivage que dans les eaux hauturières, mais ne différait pas d'une saison à l'autre. Les poissons déversés dans les zones oligotrophes ont parcouru de plus longues distances et se sont dispersés davantage que ceux déversés dans la zone mésotrophe. La taille du poisson a eu peu d'effet, alors que la saison et la méthode de mise à l'eau n'ont eu aucun effet sur la dispersion du poisson. Pour conclure, pour le sandre, il est recommandé de faire des empoissonnements d'automne avec de grands alevins de l'année relâchés directement du rivage plutôt que d'autres solutions. Les quotas de mise en charge peuvent être concentrés...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Management of pikeperch stocking in Lake Balaton: effect of season, area, fish size and method of release on the rate and distribution of recaptures

Specziár

Turcsányi

2017

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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“…Overall, rainbow trout removal through angling was comparable to that of farmed fish in other studies (21 to 52%; Uglem et al 2008, 2010, Lindberg et al 2009). Direct estimates of escapee survival are often difficult to derive, especially in the large systems where marine and freshwater aquaculture occurs, yet the present findings are consistent with the general observation that farmed fish have lower survival rates than their wild conspecifics (Einum & Fleming 2001, Saloniemi et al 2004.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Oncorhynchus mykiss escaped from commercial freshwater aquaculture pens in Lake Huron, Canada

Patterson¹,

Blanchfield²

2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The fate of farmed fish after escape from aquaculture operations, and their potential ecosystem impacts, remains a primary concern for the sustainable development of this industry. We simulated small-(< 50 fish) and large-scale (500 fish) escape events of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from 2 commercial operations in the North Channel of Lake Huron, the site of greatest freshwater production in Canada. Individual fish were either implanted with telemetry transmitters (n = 120) or marked with external tags (n = 1000) to monitor their movements and estimate survival and growth upon recapture. Rainbow trout dispersed quickly from the farms, and overall showed variable levels of site fidelity (2 to 40% after 3 mo), with most fish returning to the farm sites on multiple occasions after departure. Released fish were often detected in near-shore areas or at neighbouring commercial operations, but escapees were capable of long distance movements (> 350 km), where they were located in rivers, open waters and in an adjacent Great Lake. Rainbow trout maintained high specific growth rates (average 0.33% d −1 ) in the wild, both at and away from the farms. Known survival of escaped fish after a 3 mo period following release was ~50%, with some fish recaptured up to ~2.5 yr after release. Angling and avian predation accounted for the majority of mortalities. The ability of farmed fish to survive, successfully forage near and far from aquaculture operations and their preponderance to occupy near-shore habitats provide a strong basis for understanding the potential risks that escaped fish may pose to the fish community of Lake Huron.

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“…In years of improved ocean productivity and exceptional recruitment, such as 2000 and 2001, selective mortality went undetected, as both large, fast-growing and small, slowgrowing individuals survived the ocean entry period. The selective mortality detected in 2005 is similar to cases presented by Holtby et al (1990), Blom et al (1994), Saloniemi et al (2004) and Cross et al (2008), who observed an increased benefit of larger size to other juvenile salmonids in low survival years. Poor conditions, driven by the late onset of upwelling in 2005 (Lindley et al 2009), may have created what Cushing (1990) described in the 'match-mismatch hypothesis'.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Size, growth, and origin-dependent mortality of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during early ocean residence

Woodson¹,

Wells²,

Weber³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

103

135

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Selective mortality during early life history stages can have significant populationlevel consequences, yet critical periods when selective mortality occurs, the strength of selection, and under what environmental conditions can be difficult to identify. Here, we used otolith microstructure and chemistry to examine the factors potentially linked to selective mortality of juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from California's Central Valley during early ocean residence. Back-calculated size and growth rates of the population were compared across 3 sample periods: as juveniles exited the San Francisco Bay estuary (estuary-exit), after their first month at sea (summer-ocean) and 5 mo after ocean entry (fall-ocean). We compared mortality dynamics during years of exceptional recruitment (addition of individuals to harvestable population; 2000 and 2001) to a year of poor recruitment (2005). Otoliths from 2005 were also analyzed for sulfur isotopes to discern hatchery from naturally spawned stock. Significant size and growth-rate selective mortality were detected during the first month at sea in the low recruitment year of 2005, but not in 2000 and 2001. Individuals that were larger and growing faster during freshwater and estuarine rearing were more likely to survive to summer and fall in the low recruitment year. There was a slight, but insignificant, increase in the proportion of hatchery to naturally spawned individuals from estuary-exit to fall-ocean, suggesting that fish from neither origin were overwhelmingly favored. Our results suggest that Central Valley Chinook salmon can be subject to significant size and growth-rate selective mortality resulting in low adult abundance, and this mortality appears independent of origin.

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Survival of reared and wild Atlantic salmon smolts: size matters more in bad years

Cited by 124 publications

References 15 publications

Management of pikeperch stocking in Lake Balaton: effect of season, area, fish size and method of release on the rate and distribution of recaptures

Management of pikeperch stocking in Lake Balaton: effect of season, area, fish size and method of release on the rate and distribution of recaptures

Oncorhynchus mykiss escaped from commercial freshwater aquaculture pens in Lake Huron, Canada

Size, growth, and origin-dependent mortality of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during early ocean residence

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