Survival of Lab Grown <i>Calonectria pseudonaviculata</i> Microsclerotia During Small-Scale Composting

Harvey, Richard J.; Davis, Donald D.; Shishkoff, Nina; Pecchia, John

doi:10.1080/1065657x.2018.1536865

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Five lower ranked attributes of sources (rating below than 3.5) were animals (pets, rodents, and livestock), composted manure, pesticide applications, insects and bumblebees, and weeds. Interestingly, worker hygiene and animals are important factors in boxwood blight spread in production (Daughtrey 2019; Gehesqui ere 2014), whereas infected boxwood used in composted manure could be a source of new infections in healthy plants (Dart et al 2014;Harvey et al 2019;Lamondia et al 2023;May 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Delphi Study on Boxwood Blight Disease Management in the US Nursery Industry

Ghimire

Liyanage

Hall

et al. 2023

horts

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Boxwood is one of the most popular evergreen shrubs in the United States, the production of which is currently challenged by boxwood blight, an emerging threat that has spread across 30 states. A thorough understanding of boxwood production, plant health, management practices and economic impact could aid in answering the needs of the nursery industry in managing this disease. An online modified Delphi survey was conducted to identify grower perceptions on processes, programs, and practices to limit or prevent the entry and spread of boxwood blight disease. The expert panel consisted of 29 nursery producers who represented a significant portion of boxwood production nationally. The panel members rated boxwood blight as the third most problematic disease with a potential to be number one in the future. Boxwood transplants were perceived as the main source of boxwood blight outbreak, followed by cutting tools, nursery equipment, containers, plant debris, irrigation water, worker hygiene, and other crops. According to the panel responses, cultural control methods, inspection, and quarantine of incoming plant material, scouting, and sanitization were the most important practices that can limit or prevent plant diseases during boxwood production. The panel members did not agree that the composted manure could influence the spread of plant disease in boxwood production, although this has been verified by the findings of various previous research experiments. Panel members were very familiar with scouting and employee training, best management practices, and the boxwood blight cleanliness program. This study documents the key components, practices, and procedures in boxwood production that could influence the spread of boxwood blight in nurseries and could be further verified by sampling and laboratory assays to specify the critical control points in the production process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Delphi Study on Boxwood Blight Disease Management in the US Nursery Industry

Ghimire

Liyanage

Hall

et al. 2023

horts

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“…Microsclerotial suppression studies of Ca. pseudonaviculata (a boxwood blight agent) revealed that exposure to temperatures above 50°C in a composting system for 24 h or more, or at 40°C for 48 h, led to the inactivation of microsclerotia (Harvey et al, 2019). Therefore, potting mixture may be treated using the same approach for Calonectria disease management in Eucalyptus nurseries.…”

Section: Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calonectria leaf blight of Eucalyptus: A global review

Bose

Banerjee

Pandey

et al. 2022

Annals of Applied Biology

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Calonectria (= Cylindrocladium), an internationally recognised fungal ascomycete genus, causes significant diseases on numerous crops of forestry, horticultural and agricultural interest. Eucalyptus, an economically important multipurpose plantation forestry species, is severely threatened by Calonectria leaf blight (CLB) disease in Brazil, Australia, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India. The disease causes serious mortality in the nurseries/plantations and yield losses due to defoliation. Since the first report of Calonectria in 1867, efforts have been made for the identification and characterisation of this vastly diverse hypocrealean genus. Currently, the genus Calonectria harbours 131 species grouped within 11 species complexes, and broadly categorised into the Prolate and Sphaero‐Naviculate groups. Globally, 35 Calonectria species distributed in seven species complexes cause CLB of Eucalyptus, out of which 29 belong to the Prolate group and five to the Sphaero‐Naviculate group. Likewise, 28 Calonectria species distributed in eight species complexes have been reported in association with infected Eucalyptus tissues and plantation soil, however, their pathogenicity remains to be determined. Given the importance of CLB of Eucalyptus, this review compiles its global impact, shifts in taxonomy and nomenclature of Calonectria, pathogenesis mechanism, defence response of Eucalyptus upon infection and disease management. This study identifies and provides direction to crucial areas of future research on CLB which is severely impacting Eucalyptus plantations globally.

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“…Prior to conducing our studies, the baseline in vitro thermal sensitivity of Che and Cps conidia and microsclerotia was documented (Miller et al 2018), but the relative in planta response of hot water treatment on pathogen viability and production of conidia in diseased boxwood leaves and stems was not yet known. It was also known that exposure to air temperatures .50 C for 24 h or longer, and exposure in a composting system for 48 h or longer at 40 C would kill the microsclerotia of boxwood blight (Harvey et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooting Response of Boxwood Cultivars to Hot Water Treatment and Thermal Sensitivity ofCalonectria henricotiaeandC. pseudonaviculatain Diseased Boxwood (Buxusspp.)1

Shishkoff¹,

Miller²,

Cubeta³

2021

Journal of Environmental Horticulture

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Boxwood blight is caused by Calonectria henricotiae (Che) and C. pseudonaviculata (Cps). Unrecognized symptoms on Buxus cuttings used for propagation could potentially serve as a source of inoculum and result in pathogen spread. In this study, cuttings of boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivars ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Nana', ‘Green Beauty', and ‘Green Velvet' were assessed for root production after exposure to 45 C (113 F) or 47.5 C (118 F) water for 0 to 60 minutes in 5 minute increments. The number of roots greater than 1 cm (0.4 in) in length produced by cuttings of all cultivars three months after treatment in 45 C water for up to 60 minutes was not statistically different from the non-immersed control. A similar response was observed for cuttings of all cultivars treated in 47.5 C water for up to 60 minutes, except for cv. ‘Nana,' which produced fewer roots than the non-immersed control after 35 minutes of exposure to heated water. Experiments conducted on diseased, detached boxwood leaves of susceptible cultivar ‘Justin Brouwers' at 47.5 C, 50 C (122 F) or 52.5 C (127 F) showed significantly reduced production of conidia and viability of Che and Cps after 25 to 30 minute exposure to 47.5 C water (44%) or 12 minute exposure to 50 C water (22%). After 8 minutes of exposure to 52.5 C water, little or no sporulation was observed for either pathogen. Index words: Boxwood blight, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Calonectria henricotiae, Buxus, hot water treatment, rooting, cuttings, plant propagation. Species used in this study: Boxwood blight [Calonectria henricotiae Gehesquière, Heungens and J.A. Crouch and C. pseudonaviculata (Crous J.Z. Groenewald & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf & Crous] Boxwood [Buxus sempervirens L. ‘Justin Brouwers'; Buxus sinica (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) M. Cheng var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng ‘Nana'; B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa'×B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Beauty', and B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' × B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Velvet'].

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Survival of Lab Grown Calonectria pseudonaviculata Microsclerotia During Small-Scale Composting

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

A Modified Delphi Study on Boxwood Blight Disease Management in the US Nursery Industry

A Modified Delphi Study on Boxwood Blight Disease Management in the US Nursery Industry

Calonectria leaf blight of Eucalyptus: A global review

Rooting Response of Boxwood Cultivars to Hot Water Treatment and Thermal Sensitivity ofCalonectria henricotiaeandC. pseudonaviculatain Diseased Boxwood (Buxusspp.)1

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