Survival of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) seed in a Mediterranean type environment. II.* Effects of short-term burial on persistence of viable seed

Gramshaw, D; Stern, WR

doi:10.1071/ar9770093

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A second important characteristic of L. rigidum is that main germination occurs after rainfall in the beginning of the season (Gramshaw and Stern, 1977). Cheam et al (1998) observed main emergence in the two weeks after crop sowing and up to 93% emergence concentrated in the 5-6 first weeks, while Matthews (1996) (using data of Heap, 1988) describes how 60-80% of the L. rigidum seeds emerged in the initial germination flush in Australian conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, weed density after combining two cultural control methods was still very high ranging between 35 and 450 L. rigidum plants m -2 depending on the field. Thus, in highlyinfested fields with herbicide resistant L. rigidum, it will probably be necessary to combine these cultural methods with other more drastic tools as leaving the field fallow for one year, depleting the seed bank by repeating cultivation as suggested by Gramshaw and Stern (1977), or combining them with the use of those herbicides that are still active on the populations. As commented previously, the new high cereal prices will probably favour the use of more expensive active ingredients, which should be used correctly in combination with other techniques without relying exclusively on them.…”

Section: The Combination Of Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, it is known that the viability of the seeds in the soil is short (Gramshaw and Stern, 1977;Taberner et al, 1992) so that burying them by ploughing can reduce their viability rapidly. For seeds buried at 0, 5 or 20 cm depth, Taberner et al (1992) found that one year afterwards only around 5% of the seeds remained viable in Spanish conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Ranzenberger¹,

Taberner²

2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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Lolium rigidum Gaud. is one of the most common weed species in winter cereals in Northeastern Spain. Herbicide resistance has been growing since the mid 90's and exclusive herbicide use is not enough in many cases, so that it is necessary to combine as many control tools as possible. Six field trials have been conducted during the cropping seasons 2001-02, 2002-03 and 2003-04 on winter cereal infested with herbicide resistant L. rigidum in Northeastern Spain testing different cultural control strategies. Sowing delay was conducted at five fields, mouldboard ploughing at four fields, the combination of sowing delay and ploughing at two fields, increasing the cereal sowing density and combined with sowing delay at one field. Sowing delay was confirmed to have an irregular efficacy depending on the L. rigidum emergence during the delay period. In the trials, weed emergence was reduced up to 88% in the best case but there was no effect in two cases. Ploughing had a more constant efficacy and reduced weed emergence between 50 and 80% although stoniness impeded in one occasion a correct soil inversion causing a very low efficacy. Increasing the cereal sowing rate did not reduce the weed population. The combination of the different methods did not increase significantly the individual efficacy, and one method was clearly more effective than the other, depending on the trial. In fields with high L. rigidum density, these methods are not effective enough and need to be combined with other methods, which are discussed in the text.Additional key words: cereal density, integrated weed management, mouldboard ploughing, sowing delay. ResumenControl cultural de poblaciones de Lolium rigidum Gaud. resistentes a herbicidas en cereal de invierno en el nordeste de EspañaLolium rigidum Gaud. es una de las especies de malas hierbas más comunes en cereal de invierno en el nordeste de España. La resistencia a herbicidas ha ido aumentando desde mediados de los años 90, haciendo necesaria la combinación de cuantas más técnicas de control sean posibles. Se realizaron seis ensayos de campo desde el año 2001 al 2004 sobre cereal de invierno infestado con L. rigidum resistente a diferentes herbicidas en el nordeste de España, para probar diferentes estrategias de control culturales. Se estudió el retraso de siembra en seis campos, laboreo de vertedera en cuatro campos, la combinación de retraso de siembra y laboreo de vertedera en dos campos, incrementar la densidad de siembra y combinarla con retraso de siembra en un campo. El retraso de siembra tuvo una eficacia irregular dependiendo de la emergencia de L. rigidum durante el período de retraso. Se alcanzó una reducción de la emergencia del 88% en el mejor de los casos, pero no hubo efecto en otros dos campos. El laboreo tuvo una eficacia más constante y redujo la emergencia de la mala hierba entre el 50 y el 80%, aunque la pedregosidad impidió en un caso una correcta labor. Incrementar la dosis de siembra no redujo la población de la mala hierba. La combinación de los diferentes ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Combination Of Different Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Ranzenberger¹,

Taberner²

2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Various ecological characters of L. rigidum appear to have contributed to the success of this species as a weed of agriculture. Its high genetic variability [12], high seed production [7] and high seed survival over summer and autumn [14] facilitate the long-term survival of this weed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of crop and weed densities on the interactions between barley and Lolium rigidum in several Mediterranean locations

Izquierdo¹,

Guinjuan²,

Fernández‐Quintanilla³

et al. 2003

Agronomie

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-The effects of both barley and Lolium rigidum densities on weed growth and spike production and on crop yield were examined in five field experiments carried out in the Mediterranean drylands of Spain and Western Australia. The aim was to check the consistency of the competitiveness of the crop in different environmental and management conditions. L. rigidum reduced barley yields in most of the experiments (between 0 and 85%), the number of ears per m 2 being the most affected. It was found that increasing the barley seeding rate did not reduce the crop losses but did limit weed biomass (between 5 and 61%) and spike production (between 24 and 85%). The variability observed in crop yield losses between sites and seasons was related to rainfall at the beginning of the season. The most sensitive component of yield to weed competition was the number of ears per plant.

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“…또 발아 적온은 1 5～20℃ (Shim & Kang, 2004) 2009a;Gramshaw & Stern, 1977;Baskin & Baskin, 1998;Vinod et al, 2008 …”

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confidence: 99%

Germination and Viability of Green Manure Crop Seeds Produced from Domestic and Foreign Countries

Kim¹,

Oh²,

Han³

et al. 2011

Korean Journal of Crop Science

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Seed germination and dormancy of three green manure seeds such as hairy vetch, crimson clover and narrow-leaved vetch (Vicia angustifolia L.) produced in Milyang, southern part of Korea were investigated to provide a basic information on the stability of seedling establishment in green manure seeds. In addition. the effect of seed storage duration on the germinability of imported hairy vetch and crimson seeds was also investigated. To determine the seed maturity time of three green manure seeds, the seeds were harvested manually at May 25, May 30, and June 4, and the 100-seed weight, germinability and percentage of hard seed were evaluated. Freshly harvested seeds of three green manure crops were strongly dormant because of hard seed coat. Germination percentage of the three green manure crops varied depending on the seed harvest time ranging from 30 -52% in hairy vetch, 16 -35% in crimson clover and 2 -61% in V. angustifolia, respectively. Of the three crops, crimson clover and V. angustifolia matured early on May 30 to June 4 (around 35 to 40 days after flower) but hairy vetch seed did not mature until June 4 based on the seed germinability. The matured seed of crimson clover and V. angustifolia germinated less than 20% while scarification on seed coat significantly overcome the innate dormancy. On the other hand, the seed germination of hairy vetch and crimson clover was lower under dark than in the presence of light. The germination percentage of the imported hairy vetch and crimson clover seeds showed high with 77 -79%, 94 -95%, respectively, but the seed germination significantly declined by 21 -32%, 30 -40% after one-year of storage under natural conditions. The seeds germinated only 8 -13% for hairy vetch but crimson clover did not germinate at all after two years storage. These results indicate V. angustifolia and crimson clover mature at May 30 to June 4 but hairy vetch did not. The imported hairy vetch and crimson clover seeds should be used within one-year after import for stable seedling establishment in green manure-rice cultivation cropping system.

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Survival of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) seed in a Mediterranean type environment. II.* Effects of short-term burial on persistence of viable seed

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Cultural control of herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum Gaud. populations in winter cereal in Northeastern Spain

Effects of crop and weed densities on the interactions between barley and Lolium rigidum in several Mediterranean locations

Germination and Viability of Green Manure Crop Seeds Produced from Domestic and Foreign Countries

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